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Marcello 2021-07-12 16:18:53 +02:00
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4
PHP/Database.md
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@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ $stmt->execute();
By default PDO converts all results into strings since it is a generic driver for multiple databases.
Its possible to disable this behaviour setting `PDO::ATTR_STRINGIFY_FETCHES` and `PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES` as `false`.
**NOTE**: `FETCH_OBJ` abd `FETCH_CLASS` return classes and don't have this bheaviour.
**NOTE**: `FETCH_OBJ` abd `FETCH_CLASS` return classes and don't have this behaviour.
```php
pdo->setAttribute()
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute([':marker' => value]);
$result = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
$stmt->debugDumpParams(); # print the SQK query that has been sent to the database
$stmt->debugDumpParams(); # print the SQL query that has been sent to the database
```
## [SQLite3](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.sqlite3.php)

1
PHP/Dependecy Injection.md
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@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ class Foo
## Dependency Injection Container
The **Dependecy Injection Container** (DIC) allow to archive all the dependencies in a single `Container` class. Some offer automatic resolution of the dependecies.
Containers aid the developer in the handling of the dependecies: get/has/set.
## [PHP-DI](https://php-di.org/)

57
PHP/PHP.md
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1); # activates variable type checking on function argumen
include "path\\file.php"; # import an external php file, E_WARNING if fails
include_once "path\\file.php"; # imports only if not already loaded
require "path\\file.php"; # # import an external php file, E_COMPILE_ERROR if fails
require "path\\file.php"; # import an external php file, E_COMPILE_ERROR if fails
require_once "path\\file.php"; # imports only if not already loaded
```
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ return [
```
```php
$config = include "config.php"; // retireve config wnd store into variable
$config = include "config.php"; // retireve config and store into variable
```
## Namespace
@ -136,12 +136,12 @@ $c = 7E-10; // 0.0000000007
### Mathematical Operators
| Operator | Operation |
|----------|----------------|
| -------- | -------------- |
| `-` | Subtraction |
| `*` | Multiplication |
| `/` | Division |
| `%` | Modulo |
| `**` | Exponentiatio |
| `**` | Exponentiation |
| `var++` | Post Increment |
| `++var` | Pre Increment |
| `var--` | Post Decrement |
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ A string is a sequrnce of ASCII characters. In PHP a string is an array of chara
### String Concatenation
```php
$string1 . $string2; method 1
$string1 . $string2; # method 1
$string1 .= $string2; # method 2
```
@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ define ('CONSTANT_NAME', 'value')
### Magic Constants `__NAME__`
- `__FILE__`: sctipt path + scrit filename
- `__FILE__`: script path + script filename
- `__DIR__`: file directory
- `__LINE__`: current line number
- `__FUNCTION__`: the function name, or {closure} for anonymous functions.
@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ list($array1 [, $array2, ...]) = $data; # Python-like tuple unpacking
### Associative Arrays
Associative arrays have a value as an index. Alternative names are *hash tables* or *dictionaries*.
Associative arrays have a value as an index. Alternative names are _hash tables_ or _dictionaries_.
```php
$italianDay = [
@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ $italianDay["Mon"]; # evaluates to Lunedì
### Conditional Opeartors
| Operator | Operation |
|-------------|--------------------------|
| ----------- | ------------------------ |
| $a `==` $b | value equality |
| $a `===` $b | value & type equality |
| $a `!=` $b | value inequality |
@ -299,13 +299,13 @@ With `==` a string evaluates to `0`.
### Logical Operators
| Operator | Example | Result |
|----------|-------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| -------- | ----------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | --- | ------------------------------------ |
| `and` | `$a and $b` | TRUE if both `$a` and `$b` are TRUE. |
| `or` | `$a or $b` | TRUE if either `$a` or `$b` is TRUE. |
| `xor` | `$a xor $b` | TRUE if either `$a` or `$b` is TRUE, but *not both*. |
| `not` | `!$a` | TRUE if `$a` is *not* TRUE. |
| `xor` | `$a xor $b` | TRUE if either `$a` or `$b` is TRUE, but _not both_. |
| `not` | `!$a` | TRUE if `$a` is _not_ TRUE. |
| `and` | `$a && $b` | TRUE if both `$a` and `$b` are TRUE. |
| `or` | `$a || $b` | TRUE if either `$a` or `$b` is TRUE. |
| `or` | `$a | | $b` | TRUE if either `$a` or `$b` is TRUE. |
### Ternary Operator
@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ if $a > $b
if $a == $b
return 0;
if $a < $b
return 0;
return -1;
```
### `If` - `Elseif` - `Else`
@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ $foo = function (type $parameter) use ($average) {
### Union Types (PHP 8)
**Union types** are a collection of two or more types which indicate that *either* one of those *can be used*.
**Union types** are a collection of two or more types which indicate that _either_ one of those _can be used_.
```php
public function foo(Foo|Bar $input): int|float;
@ -560,8 +560,8 @@ foo(
### Scope & Visibility
`public` methods and attrivutes are visible to anyone (*default*).
`private` methods and attrivutes are visible only inside the class in which are declared.
`public` methods and attributes are visible to anyone (_default_).
`private` methods and attributes are visible only inside the class in which are declared.
`protected` methods and attributes are visible only to child classes.
`final` classes cannot be extended.
@ -595,15 +595,15 @@ class ClassName
}
}
$object = new ClassName; # case insensitive (CLASSNAME, CLassName, classname)
$object->attrivute = value;
$object = new ClassName; # case insensitive (CLASSNAME, ClassName, classname)
$object->attribute = value;
$object->func();
$object::CONSTANT;
$var = $object; # copy by reference
$var = clone $object # copy by value
$object instanceof ClassName // check typo of the object
$object instanceof ClassName // check type of the object
```
### Static classes, attributes & methods
@ -698,10 +698,10 @@ class ClassName implements InterfaceName {
### Traits
`Traits` allows the riutilization of code inside different classes without links of inheritance.
It can be used to mitigate the problem of *multiple inheritance*, which is absent in PHP.
`Traits` allows the reutilization of code inside different classes without links of inheritance.
It can be used to mitigate the problem of _multiple inheritance_, which is absent in PHP.
In case of functions name conflic it's possible to use `insteadof` to specify which function to use. It's also possible to use an *alias* to resolve the conflicts.
In case of functions name conflic it's possible to use `insteadof` to specify which function to use. It's also possible to use an _alias_ to resolve the conflicts.
```php
trait TraitName {
@ -784,7 +784,7 @@ hash($algorithm, $data);
Algorithms currently supported:
- **PASSWORD_DEFAULT** - Use the *bcrypt* algorithm (default as of PHP 5.5.0). Note that this constant is designed to change over time as new and stronger algorithms are added to PHP.
- **PASSWORD_DEFAULT** - Use the _bcrypt_ algorithm (default as of PHP 5.5.0). Note that this constant is designed to change over time as new and stronger algorithms are added to PHP.
- **PASSWORD_BCRYPT** - Use the **CRYPT_BLOWFISH** algorithm to create the hash. This will produce a standard `crypt()` compatible hash using the "$2y$" identifier. The result will always be a 60 character string, or FALSE on failure.
- **PASSWORD_ARGON2I** - Use the **Argon2i** hashing algorithm to create the hash. This algorithm is only available if PHP has been compiled with Argon2 support.
- **PASSWORD_ARGON2ID** - Use the **Argon2id** hashing algorithm to create the hash. This algorithm is only available if PHP has been compiled with Argon2 support.
@ -792,11 +792,11 @@ Algorithms currently supported:
**Supported options for PASSWORD_BCRYPT**:
- **salt** (string) - to manually provide a salt to use when hashing the password. Note that this will override and prevent a salt from being automatically generated.
If omitted, a random salt will be generated by password_hash() for each password hashed. This is the intended mode of operation.
**Warning**: The salt option has been deprecated as of PHP 7.0.0. It is now preferred to simply use the salt that is generated by default.
If omitted, a random salt will be generated by password_hash() for each password hashed. This is the intended mode of operation.
**Warning**: The salt option has been deprecated as of PHP 7.0.0. It is now preferred to simply use the salt that is generated by default.
- **cost** (integer) - which denotes the algorithmic cost that should be used. Examples of these values can be found on the crypt() page.
If omitted, a default value of 10 will be used. This is a good baseline cost, but you may want to consider increasing it depending on your hardware.
If omitted, a default value of 10 will be used. This is a good baseline cost, but you may want to consider increasing it depending on your hardware.
**Supported options for PASSWORD_ARGON2I and PASSWORD_ARGON2ID**:
@ -868,19 +868,18 @@ error_log(sprintf("[%s] Error: _", date("Y-m-d h:i:s")), 3, "path\\log.log")
## Exception Handling
PHP offers the possibility to handle errors with the *exception model*.
PHP offers the possibility to handle errors with the _exception model_.
```php
try {
// dangerous code
} catch(ExcpetionType1 | ExceptionType2 $e) {
printf("Errore: %s", $e->getMessage());
} catch(Excpetion $e) {
// handle or report exception
}
throw new ExceptionType("message"); // trow an exception
throw new ExceptionType("message"); // throw an exception
```
All exceptions in PHP implement the interface `Throwable`.

4
PHP/Simple_MVC/Simple_MVC.md
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@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
# [SimpleMVC](https://github.com/ezimuel/simplemvc) Mini-Framework
Mini framework MVC per scopi didattici basato su Dependency Injection ([PHP-DI][php-di]), Routing ([FastRoute][fastroute]), PSR-7 ([nyholm/psr7][psr7]) e Templates ([Plates][plates])
SimpleMVC is a micro MVC framework for PHP using [FastRoute][fastroute], [PHP-DI][php-di], [Plates][plates] and [PHP-DI][php-di] standard for HTTP messages.
This framework is mainly used as tutorial for introducing the Model-View-Controller architecture in modern PHP applications.
[php-di]: https://php-di.org/
[fastroute]: https://github.com/nikic/FastRoute

2
PHP/Templates with Plates.md
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@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ echo $template->render('template_name', [ "marker" => value, ... ]);
It's necessary to verify that the output is in the necessary format.
Plates offerts `$this->escape()` or `$this->e()` to validate the output.
In general the output validation allows toprevent [Cross-Site Scripting][owasp-xss] (XSS).
In general the output validation allows to prevent [Cross-Site Scripting][owasp-xss] (XSS).
[owasp-xss]: https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/xss/

10
PHP/Unit Testing.md
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@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ PHPUnit can be configured in a XML file called `phpunit.xml`:
### Test Structure
**PHPUnit** tests are grouped in classes suffixed with `Test`. Each class *extends* `PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase`. A test is a method of a *test class* prefized with `test`.
**PHPUnit** tests are grouped in classes suffixed with `Test`. Each class *extends* `PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase`.
A test is a method of a *test class* prefized with `test`.
PHPUnit is executed from the command line with `vendor/bin/phpunit --colors`.
```php
@ -120,16 +121,15 @@ public function testExceptionNotTrown()
// same as
/**
* @dataProvider provideExamNames
* @doesNotPerformAssertions
*/
public function testAggiungiEsameNoExceptions(string $esame)
public function testNoExceptions(string $esame)
{
$this->studente->aggiungiEsame($esame);
// code that should succeed (exceptions will make the test fail)
}
```
### Test Setup & Teardown
### Test Setup & Teardown (Example)
```php
class ClassTest extends TestCase

17
PHP/Web.md
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@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ Handling of HTTP requests happend using the following global variables:
```html
<!-- method MUST BE post -->
<!-- must have enctype="multipart/form-data" attribute -->
<form name="invio_file" action="file.php" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<form name="<name>" action="file.php" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="photo" />
<input type="submit" name="Invio" />
<input type="submit" name="Send" />
</form>
```
@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ Files in `$_FILES` are memorized in a system temp folder. They can be moved with
```php
if (! isset($_FILES['photo']['error'])) {
http_response_code(400); # send a response code
echo'<h1>Non è stato inviato nessun file</h1>';
echo'<h1>No file has been sent</h1>';
exit();
}
if ($_FILES['photo']['error'] != UPLOAD_ERR_OK) {
http_response_code(400);
echo'<h1>Il file inviato non è valido</h1>';
echo'<h1>The sent file is invalid</h1>';
exit();
}
@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ $path = '/path/to/' . $_FILES['photo']['name'];
if (! move_uploaded_file($_FILES['photo']['tmp_name'], $path)) {
http_response_code(400);
echo'<h1>Errore durante la scrittura del file</h1>';
echo'<h1>Error while writing the file</h1>';
exit();
}
echo'<h1>File inviato con successo</h1>';
echo'<h1>File succesfully sent</h1>';
```
### `$_SERVER`
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ $_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"];
All sites **must** have a page for the consensus about using cookies.
**Cookies** are HTTP headers used to memorize key-value info *on the client*. They are sent from the server to the client to keep track of info on the user that is visting the website.
**Cookies** are HTTP headers used to memorize key-value info *on the client*. They are sent from the server to the client to keep track of info on the user that is visting the website.
When a client recieves a HTTP response that contains `Set-Cookie` headers it has to memorize that info and reuse them in future requests.
```http
@ -127,7 +127,8 @@ if(isset($_COOKIE["cookie_name"])) {}
PHP generates a cookie named `PHPSESSID` containing a *session identifier* and an *hash* generated from `IP + timestamp + pseudo-random number`.
To use the session it's necesary to recall the function `session_start()` at the beginning of a PHP script that deals with sesssions; after starting the session information in be savend in the `$_SESSION` array.
To use the session it's necesary to recall the function `session_start()` at the beginning of a PHP script that deals with sessions.
After starting the session information in be savend in the `$_SESSION` array.
```php
$_SESSION["key"] = value; // save data in session file (serialized data)