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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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## Standard Imports
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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from tkinter import * # import Python Tk Binding
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from tkinter import ttk # import Themed Widgets
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```
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@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ geometry managers determine size and oder widget drawing properties
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event loop receives events from the OS
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customizable events provide a callback as a widget configuration
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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widget.bind('event', function) # method to capture any event and than execute an arbitrary piece of code (generally a function or lambda)
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```
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ VIRTUAL EVENT --> hig level event generated by widget (listed in widget docs)
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Widgets are objects and all things on screen. All widgets are children of a window.
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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widget_name = tk_object(parent_window) # widget is inserted into widget hierarchy
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```
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ widget_name = tk_object(parent_window) # widget is inserted into widget hierarc
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Displays a single rectangle, used as container for other widgets
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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frame = ttk.Frame(parent, width=None, height=None, borderwidth=num:int)
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# BORDERWIDTH: sets frame border width (default: 0)
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# width, height MUST be specified if frame is empty, otherwise determined by parent geometry manager
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@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ frame = ttk.Frame(parent, width=None, height=None, borderwidth=num:int)
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Extra space inside widget (margin).
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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frame['padding'] = num # same padding for every border
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frame['padding'] = (horizontal, vertical) # set horizontal THEN vertical padding
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frame['padding'] = (left, top, right, bottom) # set left, top, right, bottom padding
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@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ frame['relief'] = border_style
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Display text or image without interactivity.
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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label = ttk.Label(parent, text='label text')
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```
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### DEFINING UPDATING LABEL
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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var = StringVar() # variable containing text, watches for changes. Use get, set methods to interact with the value
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label['textvariable'] = var # attach var to label (only of type StringVar)
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var.set("new text label") # change label text
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@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ var.set("new text label") # change label text
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### DISPLAY IMAGES (2 steps)
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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image = PhotoImage(file='filename') # create image object
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label['image'] = image # use image config
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```
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### DISPLAY IMAGE AND-OR TEXT
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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label['compound'] = value
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```
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@ -97,20 +97,20 @@ Compound value:
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Specifies edge or corner that the label is attached.
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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label['anchor'] = compass_direction #compass_direction: n, ne, e, se, s, sw, w, nw, center
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```
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### MULTI-LINE TEXT WRAP
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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# use \n for multi line text
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label['wraplength'] = size # max line length
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```
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### CONTROL TEXT JUSTIFICATION
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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label['justify'] = value #value: left, center, right
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label['relief'] = label_style
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@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ label['background'] = color # color passed with name or HEX RGB codes
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### FONT STYLE (use with caution)
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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# used outside style option
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label['font'] = font
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```
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@ -141,19 +141,19 @@ Fonts:
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Press to perform some action
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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button = ttk.Button(parent, text='button_text', command=action_performed)
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```
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### TEXT or IMAGE
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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button['text/textvariable'], button['image'], button['compound']
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```
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### BUTTON INVOCATION
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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button.invoke() # button activation in the program
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```
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@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ button.invoke() # button activation in the program
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Activate or deactivate the widget.
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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button.state(['disabled']) # set the disabled flag, disabling the button
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button.state(['!disabled']) # clear the disabled flag
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button.instate(['disabled']) # return true if the button is disabled, else false
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@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ button.instate(['!disabled'], cmd) # execute 'cmd' if the button is not disable
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Button with binary value of some kind (e.g a toggle) and also invokes a command callback
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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checkbutton_var = TkVarType
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check = ttk.Checkbutton(parent, text='button text', command=action_performed, variable=checkbutton_var, onvalue=value_on, offvalue=value_off)
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```
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@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ checkbutton won't set the linked variable (MUST be done in the program)
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### CONFIG OPTIONS
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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check['text/textvariable']
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check['image']
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check['compound']
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@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ check.instate(['flag'])
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Multiple-choice selection (good if options are few).
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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#RADIOBUTTON CREATION (usually as a set)
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radio_var = TkVarType
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radio_1 = ttk.Radiobutton(parent, text='button text', variable=radio_var, value=button_1_value)
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@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ radio.instate(['flag'])
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Single line text field accepting a string.
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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entry_var = StringVar()
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entry = ttk.Entry(parent, textvariable=entry_var, width=char_num, show=symbol)
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# SHOW: replaces the entry test with symbol, used for password
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@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ entry = ttk.Entry(parent, textvariable=entry_var, width=char_num, show=symbol)
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### CHANGE ENTRY VALUE
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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entry.get() # returns entry value
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entry.delete(start, 'end') # delete between two indices, 0-based
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entry.insert(index, 'text value') # insert new text at a given index
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@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ entry.insert(index, 'text value') # insert new text at a given index
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### ENTRY CONFIG OPTIONS
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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radio.state(['flag'])
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radio.instate(['flag'])
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```
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@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ radio.instate(['flag'])
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Drop-down list of available options.
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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combobox_var = StringVar()
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combo = ttk.Combobox(parent, textvariable=combobox_var)
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combobox.get() # return combobox current value
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### PREDEFINED VALUES
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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combobox['values'] = (value_1, value_2, ...) # provides a list of choose-able values
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combobox.state(['readonly']) # restricts choose-able values to those provided with 'values' config option
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# SUGGESTION: call selection clear method on value change (on ComboboxSelected event) to avoid visual oddities
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Display list of single-line items, allows browsing and multiple selection (part og Tk classic, missing in themed Tk widgets).
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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lstbx = Listbox(parent, height=num, listvariable=item_list:list)
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# listvariable links a variable (MUST BE a list) to the listbox, each element is a item of the listbox
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# manipulation of the list changes the listbox
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### SELECTING ITEMS
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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lstbx['selectmode'] = mode # MODE: browse (single selection), extended (multiple selection)
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lstbx.curselection() # returns list of indices of selected items
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# on selection change: generate event <ListboxSelect>
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## SCROLLBAR
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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scroll = ttk.Scrollbar(parent, orient=direction, command=widget.view)
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# ORIENT: VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL
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# WIDGET.VIEW: .xview, .yview
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Box in right bottom of widget, allows resize.
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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ttk.Sizegrip(parent).grid(column=999, row=999, sticky=(S, E))
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```
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Area accepting multiple line of text.
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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txt = Text(parent, width=num:int, height=num:int, wrap=flag) # width is character num, height is row num
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# FLAG: none (no wrapping), char (wrap at every character), word (wrap at word boundaries)
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txt['state'] = flag # FLAG: disabled, normal
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Feedback about progress of lenghty operation.
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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progbar = ttk.Progressbar(parent, orient=direction, length=num:int, value=num, maximum=num:float mode=mode)
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# DIRECTION: VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL
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# MODE: determinate (relative progress of completion), indeterminate (no estimate of completion)
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### DETERMINATE PROGRESS
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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progbar.step(amount) # increment value of given amount (DEFAULT: 1.0)
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```
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### INDETERMINATE PROGRESS
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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progbar.start() # starts progressbar
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progbar.stop() #stoops progressbar
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```
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Provide a numeric value through direct manipulation.
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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scale = ttk.Scale(parent, orient=DIR, length=num:int, from_=num:float, to=num:float, command=cmd)
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# COMMAND: calls cmd at every scale change, appends current value to func call
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scale['value'] # set or read current value
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Choose numbers. The spinbox choses item from a list, arrows permit cycling lits items.
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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spinval = StringVar()
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spin = Spinbox(parent, from_=num, to=num, textvariable=spinval, increment=num, value=lst, wrap=boolean)
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# INCREMENT specifies increment\decrement by arrow button
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while a two-value list lets you put different amounts on left and right (or top and bottom).
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To add padding around an entire row or column, the "columnconfigure" and "rowconfigure" methods accept a "pad" option.
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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widget.grid(column=num, row=num, columnspan=num, rowspan=num, sticky=(), padx=num, pady=num) # sticky: N, S, E, W
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widget.columnconfigure(pad=num, weight=num)
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widget.rowconfigure(pad=num, weight=num)
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### CREATING TOPLEVEL WINDOW
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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tlw = Toplevel(parent) # parent of root window, no need to grid it
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window.destroy()
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### CHANGING BEHAVIOR AND STYLE
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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# WINDOW TILE
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window.title() # returns title of the window
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window.title('new title') # sets title
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### STANDARD DIALOGS
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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# SLEETING FILE AND DIRECTORIES
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# on Windows and Mac invokes underlying OS dialogs directly
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from tkinter import filedialog
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## SEPARATOR
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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# horizontal or vertical line between groups of widgets
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separator = ttk.Separator(parent, orient=direction)
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# DIRECTION: horizontal, vertical
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Allows switching between multiple pages
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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nb = ttk.Notebook(parent)
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f1 = ttk.Frame(parent, ...) # child of notebook
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f2 = ttk.Frame(parent, ...)
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Creation of personalized fonts
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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from tkinter import font
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font_name = font.Font(family='font_family', size=num, weight='bold/normal', slant='roman/italic', underline=boolean, overstrike=boolean)
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# FAMILY: Courier, Times, Helvetica (support guaranteed)
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#### IMAGES W/ Pillow
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```py
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```py linenums="1"
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from PIL import ImageTk, Image
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myimg = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('filename'))
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```
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