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Remove duplicate units section, fix typos
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120
CSS/CSS.md
120
CSS/CSS.md
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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### Inline CSS
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```html
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<tag style=”property:value”></tag>
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<tag style="property:value"></tag>
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```
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Uses the HTML style attribute.
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@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ Not recommended except in cases where choices are constrained.
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selector {
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property: value;
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/* box and display */
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/* alignement, position */
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/* alignment, position */
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/* margin, border, padding */
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/* max/min height-width*/
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/* colors */
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/* font */
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/* text alignement */
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/* text alignment */
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Not Recommended, only use when the number of rules is small and there are constr
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```html
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<head>
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<link rel=”stylesheet” type=”text/css” href=”style.css”>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
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</head>
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```
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@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Easier to maintain, especially in larger projects.
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## Selectors
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Tthe selector points to the html element to style.
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The selector points to the html element to style.
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```css
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selector {property: value; property: value}
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@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ Should apply to one element on a page.
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### Class Selector
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Many elements can have the same class, calsses are used to group HTML elements togheter.
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Many elements can have the same class, classes are used to group HTML elements together.
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```css
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.selector {property: value;} /* selects <tag class="selector"> */
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@ -291,19 +291,19 @@ selector:pseudo-class { property: value; }
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`a:hover {...}` selects a link when the mouse rolls over it (hover state).
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`a:active {...}` selects the link while it's being activated (clicked or otherwise).
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`selector:focus {...}` selects an element whent the user focuses on it (e.g. tab w/ keyboard). Often used on links, inputs, textareas.
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`selector:focus {...}` selects an element when the user focuses on it (e.g. tab w/ keyboard). Often used on links, inputs, text-areas.
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### User Interface State Pseudo-Classes
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`input:enabled {...}` selects an input that is in the default state of enabled and aviable for use.
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`input:disabled {...}` selects an input that has the attibute.
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`input:enabled {...}` selects an input that is in the default state of enabled and available for use.
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`input:disabled {...}` selects an input that has the attribute.
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`input:checked {...}` selects checkboxes or radio buttons that are checked.
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`input:indeterminate {...}` selects checkboxes or radio button that has neither selected nor unselected.
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### Structural & Position Pseudo-Classes
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`selector:first-child {...}` selects an element if it’s the first child within its parent.
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`selector:last-child {...}` selects an element if it’s the last element within its parent.
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`selector:first-child {...}` selects an element if it's the first child within its parent.
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`selector:last-child {...}` selects an element if it's the last element within its parent.
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`selector:only-child {...}` will select an element if it is the only element within a parent.
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`selector:first-of-type {...}` selects the first element of its type within a parent.
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@ -339,44 +339,45 @@ When used within selectors allow unique parts of the page to be stylized. Only o
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```css
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a::after/before {
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propery: value;
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property: value;
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content: " (" attr(attribute_name) ")";
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propery: value;
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property: value;
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}
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```
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### Fragment Pseudo-Elements
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`selector::selection {...}` identifies part of the document that has been selected, or highlighted, by a user’s actions.
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`selector::selection {...}` identifies part of the document that has been selected, or highlighted, by a user's actions.
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`selector::-moz-selection {...}` Mozilla prefixed fragment pseudo-element has been added to ensure the best support for all browser.
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## Units
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### Absolute Length units
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| Unit | Name | Equivalent to |
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| ---- | ------------------- | -------------------- |
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| cm | centimeters | 1cm = 38px = 25/64in |
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| mm | Millimeters | 1mm = 1/10th of 1cm |
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| Q | Quarter-millimeters | 1Q = 1/40th of 1cm |
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| in | Inches | 1in = 2.54cm = 96px |
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| pc | Picas | 1pc = 1/6th of 1in |
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| pt | Points | 1pt = 1/72th of 1in |
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| px | Pixels | 1px = 1/96th of 1in |
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| Unit | Name | Equivalent to |
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| ------ | ------------------- | -------------------- |
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| `cm` | centimeters | 1cm = 38px = 25/64in |
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| `mm` | Millimeters | 1mm = 1/10th of 1cm |
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| `Q` | Quarter-millimeters | 1Q = 1/40th of 1cm |
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| `in` | Inches | 1in = 2.54cm = 96px |
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| `pc` | Picas | 1pc = 1/6th of 1in |
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| `pt` | Points | 1pt = 1/72th of 1in |
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| `px` | Pixels | 1px = 1/96th of 1in |
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### Relative Length Units
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| Unit | Relative to |
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| ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| rem | Font size of the root element. |
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| em | Font size of the parent or the element itself |
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| ex | x-height of the element's font. |
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| ch | The advance measure (width) of the glyph "0" of the element's font. |
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| lh | Line height of the element. |
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| vw | 1% of the viewport's width. |
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| vh | 1% of the viewport's height. |
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| vmin | 1% of the viewport's smaller dimension. |
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| vmax | 1% of the viewport's larger dimension. |
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| Unit | Relative to |
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| ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `rem` | Font size of the root element. |
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| `em` | Font size of the parent or the element itself |
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| `ex` | x-height of the element's font. |
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| `ch` | The advance measure (width) of the glyph "0" of the element's font. |
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| `lh` | Line height of the element. |
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| `vw` | 1% of the viewport's width. |
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| `vh` | 1% of the viewport's height. |
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| `vmin` | 1% of the viewport's smaller dimension. |
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| `vmax` | 1% of the viewport's larger dimension. |
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| `%` | Relative to the parent element |
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## Element Properties
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@ -449,7 +450,7 @@ Can also accept Keywords: `left`, `center`, `right` and `top`, `center`, `bottom
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**Background-attachment**
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Specifies whether the background image should scroll with the page or be fixed
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### Font Familty
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### Font Family
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The font family defines which font is used. When listing multiple fonts, always list a generic name last.
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@ -516,7 +517,7 @@ selector {
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```css
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selector {
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text-decoration: line color style thickness;
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text-align: alignement;
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text-align: alignment;
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}
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```
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@ -541,7 +542,7 @@ selector {
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### Width
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Sets the width of a block-level element or img; does not work for inline elements (unless their display property is changed).
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Accepts a veriety of length units.
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Accepts a variety of length units.
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```css
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selector {
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@ -555,7 +556,7 @@ selector {
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### Height
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Sets the height of a block-level element or img; does not work for inline elements (unless their display property is changed).
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Accepts a veriety of length units.
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Accepts a variety of length units.
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```css
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selector {
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@ -590,33 +591,6 @@ selector {
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}
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```
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## CSS Units
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### Absolute Lengths
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| Symbol | Unit |
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| ------ | ---------------------------- |
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| `cm` | centimeters |
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| `mm` | millimeters |
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| `in` | inch (1 in = 96px = 2.54 cm) |
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| `px` | pixel (1 px = 1/96 of 1 in) |
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| `pt` | points (1 pt = 1/72 of 1 in) |
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| `pc` | picas (1 pc = 12 pt) |
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### Relative Lengths
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| Symbol | Unit |
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| ------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `em` | Relative to the font-size of the element (2em means 2 times the size of the current font) |
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| `ex` | Relative to the x-height of the current font (rarely used) |
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| `ch` | Relative to width of the "0" (zero) |
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| `rem` | Relative to font-size of the root element |
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| `vw` | Relative to 1% of the width of the viewport* |
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| `vh` | Relative to 1% of the height of the viewport* |
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| `vmin` | Relative to 1% of viewport's* smaller dimension |
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| `vmax` | Relative to 1% of viewport's* larger dimension |
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| `%` | Relative to the parent element |
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## CSS Cascading
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The browser assigns different priorities to CSS depending on the type of selector.
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#### Padding shortcuts
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```css
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selectopr {
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selector {
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padding: top right bottom left; /* Four values (TRBL) */
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padding: top right/left bottom; /* Three values (T/TL/B) */
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padding: top/bottom right/left; /* Two values (TB/RL) */
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Defines whether the width and height (and min/max) of an element should include padding and borders or not.
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```css
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selecot {
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box-sizinbg: content-box; /* Border and padding are not included */
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box-sizinbg: border-box; /* Include the content, padding and border */
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selector {
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box-sizing: content-box; /* Border and padding are not included */
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box-sizing: border-box; /* Include the content, padding and border */
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}
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```
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- Without z-index, elements stack in the order that they appear in the DOM
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- Elements with non-static positioning will always appear on top of elements with default static positioning
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**Nesting is importan**t: if element *B* is on top of element *A*, a child of element *A* can never be higher than element *B*.
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**Nesting is important**: if element *B* is on top of element *A*, a child of element *A* can never be higher than element *B*.
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```css
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selector {
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```css
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selector {
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display: grid;
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grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; /* 3 equl columns */
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grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; /* 3 equal columns */
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grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr; /* 3 equal rows */
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}
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```
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3. **Use content to define the layout and design**:
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Understand how content can inform design
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Don't spend time creating templates you won’t use
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Don't spend time creating templates you won't use
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Focus on problem-solving for your users
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4. **Use proto-content**:
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| `all` | all media type devices |
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| `print` | printers |
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| `screen` | computer screens, tablets, smart-phones, etc |
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| `speech` | screenreaders that "reads" the page out loud |
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| `speech` | screen readers that "reads" the page out loud |
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```css
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@media type operator (feature) {
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