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Rename .NET folder to DotNet
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DotNet/ASP.NET/Blazor.md
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DotNet/ASP.NET/Blazor.md
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# Blazor
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Blazor apps are based on *components*. A **component** in Blazor is an element of UI, such as a page, dialog, or data entry form.
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Components are .NET C# classes built into .NET assemblies that:
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- Define flexible UI rendering logic.
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- Handle user events.
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- Can be nested and reused.
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- Can be shared and distributed as Razor class libraries or NuGet packages.
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The component class is usually written in the form of a Razor markup page with a `.razor` file extension. Components in Blazor are formally referred to as *Razor components*.
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## Project Structure & Important Files
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### Blazor Server Project Stucture
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```txt
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Project
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|-Properties
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| |- launchSettings.json
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|-wwwroot --> static files
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| |-css
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| | |- site.css
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| | |- bootstrap
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| |
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| |- favicon.ico
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|-Pages
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| |- _Host.cshtml --> fallback page
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| |- Component.razor
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| |- Index.razor
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| |- ...
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|-Shared
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| |- MainLayout.razor
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| |- MainLayout.razor.css
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| |- ...
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|- _Imports.razor --> @using imports
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|- App.razor --> component root of the app
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|- appsettings.json --> application settings
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|- Program.cs --> App entrypoint
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|- Startup.cs --> services and middleware configs
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```
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### Blazor WASM Project Structure
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```txt
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Project
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|-Properties
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| |- launchSettings.json
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|
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|-wwwroot --> static files
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| |-css
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| | |- site.css
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| | |- bootstrap
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| |
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| |- index.html
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| |- favicon.ico
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|
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|-Pages
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| |- Component.razor
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| |- Index.razor
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| |- ...
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|-Shared
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| |- MainLayout.razor
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| |- MainLayout.razor.css
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| |- ...
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|- _Imports.razor --> @using imports
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|- App.razor --> component root of the app
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|- appsettings.json --> application settings
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|- Program.cs --> App entrypoint
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```
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### Blazor PWA Project Structure
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```txt
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Project
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|-Properties
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| |- launchSettings.json
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|-wwwroot --> static files
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| |-css
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| | |- site.css
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| | |- bootstrap
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| |
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| |- index.html
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| |- favicon.ico
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| |- manifest.json
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| |- service-worker.js
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| |- icon-512.png
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|-Pages
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| |- Component.razor
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| |- Index.razor
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| |- ...
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|-Shared
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| |- MainLayout.razor
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| |- MainLayout.razor.css
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| |- ...
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|- _Imports.razor --> @using imports
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|- App.razor --> component root of the app
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|- appsettings.json --> application settings
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|- Program.cs --> App entrypoint
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```
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### `manifest.json`, `service-worker.js` (Blazor PWA)
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[PWA](https://web.dev/progressive-web-apps/)
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[PWA MDN Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Progressive_web_apps)
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[PWA Manifest](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest)
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[Service Worker API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API)
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```json
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// manifest.json
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{
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"name": "<App Name>",
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"short_name": "<Short App Name>",
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"start_url": "./",
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"display": "standalone",
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"background_color": "#ffffff",
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"theme_color": "#03173d",
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"icons": [
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{
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"src": "icon-512.png",
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"type": "image/png",
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"sizes": "512x512"
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}
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]
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}
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```
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## Common Blazor Files
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### `App.razor`
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```cs
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<Router AppAssembly="@typeof(Program).Assembly" PreferExactMatches="@true">
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<Found Context="routeData"> // for component routing
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<RouteView RouteData="@routeData" DefaultLayout="@typeof(MainLayout)" />
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</Found>
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<NotFound>
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<LayoutView Layout="@typeof(MainLayout)">
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<p>Sorry, there's nothing at this address.</p>
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</LayoutView>
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</NotFound>
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</Router>
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```
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### `MainLayout.razor` (Blazor Server/WASM)
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```cs
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@inherits LayoutComponentBase
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<div class="page">
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<div class="sidebar">
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<NavMenu /> // NavMenu Component
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</div>
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<div class="main">
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<div class="top-row px-4">
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</div>
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<div class="content px-4">
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@Body
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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```
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### `_Host.cshtml` (Blazor Server)
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```html
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@page "/"
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@namespace BlazorServerDemo.Pages
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@addTagHelper *, Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.TagHelpers
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@{
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Layout = null;
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}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8" />
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
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<title>BlazorServerDemo</title>
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<base href="~/" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css" />
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<link href="css/site.css" rel="stylesheet" />
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<link href="BlazorServerDemo.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<component type="typeof(App)" render-mode="ServerPrerendered" />
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<div id="blazor-error-ui">
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<environment include="Staging,Production">
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An error has occurred. This application may no longer respond until reloaded.
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</environment>
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<environment include="Development">
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An unhandled exception has occurred. See browser dev tools for details.
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</environment>
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<a href="" class="reload">Reload</a>
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<a class="dismiss">🗙</a>
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</div>
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<script src="_framework/blazor.server.js"></script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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## Components (`.razor`)
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[Blazor Components](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/blazor/components/)
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```cs
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@page "/route/{RouteParameter?}" // make component accessible from a URL (optional)
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@namespace <Namespace> // set the component namespace
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@using <Namespace> // using statement
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@inherits BaseType // inheritance
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@attribute [Attribute] // apply an attribute
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@inject Type objectName // dependency injection
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// html of the page here
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<Namespace.ComponentFolder.Component /> // access component w/o @using
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<Component Property="value"/> // insert component into page, passing attributes
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<Component @onclick="@CallbackMethod">
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@ChildContent // segment of UI content
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</Component>
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@code {
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// component model (Properties, Methods, ...)
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[Parameter] // capture attribute
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public Type Property { get; set; } = defaultValue;
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[Parameter] // capture route parameters
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public type RouteParameter { get; set;}
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[Parameter] // segment of UI content
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public RenderFragment ChildContent { get; set;}
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private void CallbackMethod() { }
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}
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```
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## Javascript/.NET Interop
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[Call Javascript from .NET](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/blazor/call-javascript-from-dotnet)
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[Call .NET from Javascript](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/blazor/call-dotnet-from-javascript)
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