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<a href="../../javascript/events-animation.html" class="md-nav__link">
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Events & Animation
</span>
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<a href="../../javascript/ajax.html" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
AJAX
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<a href="../../javascript/jquery.html" class="md-nav__link">
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jQuery
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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<a href="../../javascript/react/react-router.html" class="md-nav__link">
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React Router
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<a href="../../javascript/react/react-tests.html" class="md-nav__link">
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React Tests
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Redux
</span>
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<a href="../../javascript/react/redux-tests.html" class="md-nav__link">
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Redux Tests
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</label>
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</span>
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RegEx
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SSH
</span>
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</span>
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</label>
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_6_1" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6_1" id="__nav_6_1_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
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</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
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</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../linux/filesystem/file-links.html" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
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</span>
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</li>
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<a href="../../../linux/filesystem/procfs.html" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
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</span>
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<a href="../../../linux/filesystem/sysfs.html" class="md-nav__link">
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</span>
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</span>
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System Init
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../../../linux/init/systemd.html" class="md-nav__link">
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</span>
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<a href="../../../linux/init/open-rc.html" class="md-nav__link">
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</span>
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</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Table of contents
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#application-settings" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Application Settings
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Application Settings">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#user-secrets" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
User Secrets
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#swagger" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Swagger
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#mvc" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
MVC
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#routing-handlers-results" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Routing, Handlers & Results
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Routing, Handlers & Results">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#route-groups" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Route Groups
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#typedresults" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
TypedResults
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#multiple-result-types" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Multiple Result Types
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#filters" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Filters
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#context" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Context
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#openapi" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
OpenAPI
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#validation" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Validation
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#json-serialization" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
JSON Serialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#authorization" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Authorization
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Authorization">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#local-jwt-tokens" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Local JWT Tokens
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#output-caching" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Output Caching
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Output Caching">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#cache-eviction" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Cache Eviction
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#custom-cache-policy" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Custom Cache Policy
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#options-pattern" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Options Pattern
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Options Pattern">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#options-interfaces" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Options interfaces
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<h1 id="minimal-api">Minimal API</h1>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note</strong>: Requires .NET 6+</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-13">13</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="kt">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WebApplication</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CreateBuilder</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddSingleton</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">IService</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Service</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddScoped</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">IService</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Service</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddTransient</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">IService</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Service</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="kt">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Build</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="c1">// [...]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Run</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12"></a><span class="c1">//or</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RunAsync</span><span class="p">();</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="application-settings">Application Settings</h2>
<p>App settings are loaded (in order) from:</p>
<ol>
<li><code>appsettings.json</code></li>
<li><code>appsettings.<Environment>.json</code></li>
<li>User Secrets</li>
</ol>
<p>The environment is controlled by the env var <code>ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT</code>. If a setting is present in multiple locations, the last one is used and overrides the previous ones.</p>
<h3 id="user-secrets">User Secrets</h3>
<p>User secrets are specific to each machine and can be initialized with <code>dotnet user-secrets init</code>. Each application is linked with it's settings by a guid.</p>
<p>The settings are stored in:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>%APPDATA%\Microsoft\UserSecrets\<user_secrets_id>\secrets.json</code> (Windows)</li>
<li><code>~/.microsoft/usersecrets/<user_secrets_id>/secrets.json</code> (Linux/macOS)</li>
</ul>
<p>Setting a value is done with <code>dotnet user-secrets set <key> <value></code>, keys can be nested by separating each level with <code>:</code> or <code>__</code>.</p>
<h2 id="swagger">Swagger</h2>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-13">13</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddEndpointsApiExplorer</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddSwaggerGen</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="c1">// [...]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">UseSwagger</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">UseSwaggerUI</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="c1">// add returned content metadata to Swagger</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/route"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Handler</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">Produces</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">statusCode</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="c1">// add request body contents metadata to Swagger</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapPost</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/route"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Handler</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">Accepts</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">contentType</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="mvc">MVC</h2>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-13">13</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-14">14</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-15">15</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-16">16</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-17">17</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-18">18</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-19">19</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-20">20</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-21">21</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-22">22</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-23">23</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-24">24</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-25">25</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-26">26</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-27">27</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-28">28</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-29">29</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddControllersWithViews</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="c1">//or</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddControllers</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="c1">// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Environment</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">IsDevelopment</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">UseDeveloperExceptionPage</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10"></a><span class="k">else</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">UseExceptionHandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/Home/Error"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// The default HSTS value is 30 days. You may want to change this for production scenarios, see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore-hsts.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">UseHsts</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">UseHttpsRedirection</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">UseStaticFiles</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">UseRouting</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-22" name="__codelineno-2-22"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-23" name="__codelineno-2-23"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">UseAuthorization</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-24" name="__codelineno-2-24"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-25" name="__codelineno-2-25"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapControllers</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-26" name="__codelineno-2-26"></a><span class="c1">// or</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-27" name="__codelineno-2-27"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapControllerRoute</span><span class="p">(</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-28" name="__codelineno-2-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"default"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-29" name="__codelineno-2-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pattern</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="routing-handlers-results">Routing, Handlers & Results</h2>
<p>To define routes and handlers using Minimal APIs, use the <code>Map(Get|Post|Put|Delete)</code> methods.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-6">6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-7">7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-8">8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-9">9</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="c1">// the dependencies are passed as parameters in the handler delegate</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/route/{id}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IService</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">service</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">entity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Results</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Ok</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">entity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Results</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">NotFound</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="p">});</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="c1">// pass delegate to use default values</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/search/{id}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Search</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="n">IResult</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Search</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">page</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pageSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* ... */</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="route-groups">Route Groups</h3>
<p>The <code>MapGroup()</code> extension method, which helps organize groups of endpoints with a common prefix.<br />
It allows for customizing entire groups of endpoints with a singe call to methods like <code>RequireAuthorization()</code> and <code>WithMetadata()</code>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-6">6</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="kt">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">group</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGroup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"<route-prefix>"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="k">group</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GetAllTodos</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// route: /<route-prefix></span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="k">group</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/{id}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GetTodo</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// route: /<route-prefix>/{id}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="c1">// [...]</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="typedresults"><code>TypedResults</code></h3>
<p>The <code>Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.TypedResults</code> static class is the “typed” equivalent of the existing <code>Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Results</code> class.<br />
It's possible to use <code>TypedResults</code> in minimal APIs to create instances of the in-framework <code>IResult</code>-implementing types and preserve the concrete type information.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-5-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-5-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-5-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-5-4">4</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">async</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Task</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">IResult</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GetAllTodos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TodoDb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TypedResults</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Ok</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">await</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Todos</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ToArrayAsync</span><span class="p">());</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-12">12</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="na">[Fact]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">async</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Task</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">GetAllTodos_ReturnsOkOfObjectResult</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Arrange</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CreateDbContext</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Act</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">await</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TodosApi</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetAllTodos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assert: Check the returned result type is correct</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Assert</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">IsType</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Ok</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Todo</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="multiple-result-types">Multiple Result Types</h3>
<p>The <code>Results<TResult1, TResult2, TResultN></code> generic union types, along with the <code>TypesResults</code> class, can be used to declare that a route handler returns multiple <code>IResult</code>-implementing concrete types.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-6">6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-7">7</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="c1">// Declare that the lambda returns multiple IResult types</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/todos/{id}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">async</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Results</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Ok</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Todo</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NotFound</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TodoDb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">await</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Todos</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">FindAsync</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Todo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">todo</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TypedResults</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Ok</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">todo</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TypedResults</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">NotFound</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="p">});</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="filters">Filters</h2>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-10">10</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ExampleFilter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IRouteHandlerFilter</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">async</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ValueTask</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">object?</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">InvokeAsync</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RouteHandlerInvocationContext</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RouteHandlerFilterDelegate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// before endpoint call</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">context</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">/// after endpoint call</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">result</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-9-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapPost</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/route"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Handler</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">AddFilter</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ExampleFilter</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">();</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="context">Context</h2>
<p>With Minimal APIs it's possible to access the contextual information by passing one of the following types as a parameter to your handler delegate:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>HttpContext</code></li>
<li><code>HttpRequest</code></li>
<li><code>HttpResponse</code></li>
<li><code>ClaimsPrincipal</code></li>
<li><code>CancellationToken</code> (RequestAborted)</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-10-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-10-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-10-3">3</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/hello"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ClaimsPrincipal</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hello "</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">FindFirstValue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"sub"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="p">});</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="openapi">OpenAPI</h2>
<p>The <code>Microsoft.AspNetCore.OpenApi</code> package exposes a <code>WithOpenApi</code> extension method that generates an <code>OpenApiOperation</code> derived from a given endpoint’s route handler and metadata.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-6">6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-7">7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-8">8</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/todos/{id}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WithOpenApi</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/todos/{id}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WithOpenApi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">operation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">operation</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Summary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Retrieve a Todo given its ID"</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">operation</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Parameters</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">AllowEmptyValue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="validation">Validation</h2>
<p>Using <a href="https://github.com/DamianEdwards/MinimalValidation">Minimal Validation</a> by Damian Edwards.<br />
Alternatively it's possible to use <a href="https://fluentvalidation.net/">Fluent Validation</a>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-13">13</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-14">14</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-15">15</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-16">16</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-17">17</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-18">18</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapPost</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/widgets"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Widget</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">widget</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isValid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MinimalValidation</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">TryValidate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">widget</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">errors</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isValid</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Results</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Created</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">$"/widgets/{widget.Name}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">widget</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Results</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">BadRequest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">errors</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="p">});</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Widget</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">[Required, MinLength(3)]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">get</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-17" name="__codelineno-12-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">override</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ToString</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Name</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-18" name="__codelineno-12-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="json-serialization">JSON Serialization</h2>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-13-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-13-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-13-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-13-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-13-5">5</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="c1">// Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Json.JsonOptions</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Configure</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">JsonOptions</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">opt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">opt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">SerializerOptions</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">PropertyNamingPolicy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SnakeCaseNamingPolicy</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="p">});</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="authorization">Authorization</h2>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-13">13</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-14">14</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-15">15</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-16">16</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-17">17</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-18">18</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-19">19</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-20">20</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-21">21</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-22">22</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-23">23</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-24">24</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-25">25</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddAuthentication</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">JwtBearerDefaults</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AuthenticationScheme</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">AddJwtBearer</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddAuthorization</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4"></a><span class="c1">// or</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddAuthorization</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">options</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-7" name="__codelineno-14-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// for all endpoints</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-8" name="__codelineno-14-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">options</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">FallbackPolicy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AuthorizationPolicyBuilder</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-9" name="__codelineno-14-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddAuthenticationSchemes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">JwtBearerDefaults</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AuthenticationScheme</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-10" name="__codelineno-14-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RequireAuthenticatedUser</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-11" name="__codelineno-14-11"></a><span class="p">})</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-12" name="__codelineno-14-12"></a><span class="c1">// or</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-13" name="__codelineno-14-13"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Authentication</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddJwtBearer</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// will automatically add required middlewares</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-14" name="__codelineno-14-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-15" name="__codelineno-14-15"></a><span class="c1">// [...]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-16" name="__codelineno-14-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-17" name="__codelineno-14-17"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">UseAuthentication</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-18" name="__codelineno-14-18"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">UseAuthorization</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// must come before routes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-19" name="__codelineno-14-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-20" name="__codelineno-14-20"></a><span class="c1">// [...]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-21" name="__codelineno-14-21"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-22" name="__codelineno-14-22"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/alcohol"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Results</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Ok</span><span class="p">()).</span><span class="n">RequireAuthorization</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"<policy>"</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// on specific endpoints</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-23" name="__codelineno-14-23"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/free-for-all"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Results</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Ok</span><span class="p">()).</span><span class="n">AllowAnonymous</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-24" name="__codelineno-14-24"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/special-secret"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"This is a special secret!"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-25" name="__codelineno-14-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RequireAuthorization</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RequireClaim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"scope"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"myapi:secrets"</span><span class="p">));</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="local-jwt-tokens">Local JWT Tokens</h3>
<p>The <code>user-jwts</code> tool is similar in concept to the existing <code>user-secrets</code> tools, in that it can be used to manage values for the app that are only valid for the current user (the developer) on the current machine.<br />
In fact, the <code>user-jwts</code> tool utilizes the <code>user-secrets</code> infrastructure to manage the key that the JWTs will be signed with, ensuring it’s stored safely in the user profile.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Bash</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1"></a>dotnet<span class="w"> </span>user-jwts<span class="w"> </span>create<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># configure a dev JWT fot the current user</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="output-caching">Output Caching</h2>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-13">13</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-14">14</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-15">15</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-16">16</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-17">17</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-18">18</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-19">19</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-20">20</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-21">21</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-22">22</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-23">23</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-24">24</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-25">25</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-26">26</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-27">27</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddOutputCaching</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// no special options</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddOutputCaching</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">options</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">options</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">options</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddBasePolicy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">NoCache</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// no cache policy</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Func</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">OutputCacheContext</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">predicate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* discriminate requests */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-7" name="__codelineno-16-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">options</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddBasePolicy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">With</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">predicate</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">CachePolicy</span><span class="p">());</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">options</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddBasePolicy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"<policy-name>"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CachePolicy</span><span class="p">());</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// named policy</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-9" name="__codelineno-16-9"></a><span class="p">});</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-10" name="__codelineno-16-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-16-11" name="__codelineno-16-11"></a><span class="c1">// [...]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-12" name="__codelineno-16-12"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-16-13" name="__codelineno-16-13"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">UseOutputCaching</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// following middlewares can use output cache</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-14" name="__codelineno-16-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-16-15" name="__codelineno-16-15"></a><span class="c1">// [...]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-16" name="__codelineno-16-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-16-17" name="__codelineno-16-17"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/<route>"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RouteHandler</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">CacheOutput</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// cache forever</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-18" name="__codelineno-16-18"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/<route>"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RouteHandler</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">CacheOutput</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">Expire</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timespan</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-19" name="__codelineno-16-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-16-20" name="__codelineno-16-20"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/<route>"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RouteHandler</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">CacheOutput</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CachePolicy</span><span class="p">());</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-21" name="__codelineno-16-21"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/<route>"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RouteHandler</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">CacheOutput</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"<policy-name>"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-22" name="__codelineno-16-22"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-16-23" name="__codelineno-16-23"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/<route>"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RouteHandler</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">CacheOutput</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">VaryByHeader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="cm">/* headers list */</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-24" name="__codelineno-16-24"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/<route>"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RouteHandler</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">CacheOutput</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">VaryByQuery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="cm">/* query key */</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-25" name="__codelineno-16-25"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/<route>"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RouteHandler</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">CacheOutput</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">VaryByValue</span><span class="p">());</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-26" name="__codelineno-16-26"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-16-27" name="__codelineno-16-27"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/<route>"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">OutputCache</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="cm">/* options */</span><span class="p">)]</span><span class="n">RouteHandler</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="cache-eviction">Cache Eviction</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-17-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-17-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-17-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-17-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-17-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-17-6">6</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/<route-one>"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RouteHandler</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">CacheOutput</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Tag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"<tag>"</span><span class="p">));</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// tag cache portion</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/<route-two>"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IOutputCacheStore</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cache</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CancellationToken</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">await</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cache</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">EvictByTag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"<tag>"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// invalidate a portion of the cache</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6"></a><span class="p">});</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="custom-cache-policy">Custom Cache Policy</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-18-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/<route-one>"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RouteHandler</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">CacheOutput</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">AddCachePolicy</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">CustomCachePolicy</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">());</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-6">6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-7">7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-8">8</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">CustomCachePolicy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IOutputCachePolicy</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ValueTask</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">CacheRequestAsync</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OutputCacheContext</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CancellationToken</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cancellationToken</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ValueTask</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ServeFromCacheAsync</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OutputCacheContext</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CancellationToken</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cancellationToken</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ValueTask</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ServeResponseAsync</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OutputCacheContext</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">context</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CancellationToken</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cancellationToken</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-8" name="__codelineno-19-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="options-pattern">Options Pattern</h2>
<p>The <em>options pattern</em> uses classes to provide strongly-typed access to groups of related settings.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">JSON</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-13">13</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-14">14</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"SecretKey"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Secret key value"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"TransientFaultHandlingOptions"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"Enabled"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-5" name="__codelineno-20-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"AutoRetryDelay"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"00:00:07"</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-6" name="__codelineno-20-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-7" name="__codelineno-20-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"Logging"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-8" name="__codelineno-20-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"LogLevel"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-9" name="__codelineno-20-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"Default"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Information"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-10" name="__codelineno-20-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"Microsoft"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Warning"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-11" name="__codelineno-20-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Information"</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-12" name="__codelineno-20-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-13" name="__codelineno-20-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-14" name="__codelineno-20-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-21-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-21-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-21-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-21-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-21-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-21-6">6</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="c1">// options model for binding</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">TransientFaultHandlingOptions</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-4" name="__codelineno-21-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Enabled</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">get</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-5" name="__codelineno-21-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TimeSpan</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AutoRetryDelay</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">get</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-6" name="__codelineno-21-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-22-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-22-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-22-3">3</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="c1">// setup the options</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Configure</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">TransientFaultHandlingOptions</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Configuration</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetSection</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">TransientFaultHandlingOptions</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nameof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Options</span><span class="p">)));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3"></a><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Configure</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">TransientFaultHandlingOptions</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Configuration</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetSection</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">TransientFaultHandlingOptions</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">));</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">C#</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-23-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-23-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-23-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-23-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-23-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-23-6">6</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">DependsOnOptions</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">readonly</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IOptions</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">TransientFaultHandlingOptions</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_options</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-23-5" name="__codelineno-23-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">DependsOnOptions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IOptions</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">TransientFaultHandlingOptions</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">options</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_options</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">options</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-6" name="__codelineno-23-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="options-interfaces"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/extensions/options#options-interfaces">Options interfaces</a></h3>
<p><code>IOptions<TOptions></code>:</p>
<ul>
<li>Does not support:</li>
<li>Reading of configuration data after the app has started.</li>
<li>Named options</li>
<li>Is registered as a Singleton and can be injected into any service lifetime.</li>
</ul>
<p><code>IOptionsSnapshot<TOptions></code>:</p>
<ul>
<li>Is useful in scenarios where options should be recomputed on every injection resolution, in scoped or transient lifetimes.</li>
<li>Is registered as Scoped and therefore cannot be injected into a Singleton service.</li>
<li>Supports named options</li>
</ul>
<p><code>IOptionsMonitor<TOptions></code>:</p>
<ul>
<li>Is used to retrieve options and manage options notifications for <code>TOptions</code> instances.</li>
<li>Is registered as a Singleton and can be injected into any service lifetime.</li>
<li>Supports:</li>
<li>Change notifications</li>
<li>Named options</li>
<li>Reloadable configuration</li>
<li>Selective options invalidation (<code>IOptionsMonitorCache<TOptions></code>)</li>
</ul>
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