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DEFINING UPDATING LABEL
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DISPLAY IMAGES (2 steps)
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MULTI-LINE TEXT WRAP
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<a href="#control-text-justification" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CONTROL TEXT JUSTIFICATION
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<a href="#font-style-use-with-caution" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
FONT STYLE (use with caution)
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TEXT or IMAGE
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<a href="#button-invocation" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
BUTTON INVOCATION
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BUTTON STATE
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WIDGET VALUE
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CONFIG OPTIONS
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<a href="#radiobutton" class="md-nav__link">
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RADIOBUTTON
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ENTRY
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CHANGE ENTRY VALUE
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
ENTRY CONFIG OPTIONS
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</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="LISTBOX (Tk Classic)">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#selecting-items" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SELECTING ITEMS
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#scrollbar" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SCROLLBAR
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#sizegrip" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SIZEGRIP
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#text-tk-classic" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
TEXT (Tk Classic)
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#progressbar" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PROGRESSBAR
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="PROGRESSBAR">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#determinate-progress" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DETERMINATE PROGRESS
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#indeterminate-progress" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
INDETERMINATE PROGRESS
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#scale" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SCALE
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#spinbox" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SPINBOX
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#grid-geometry-manager" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
GRID GEOMETRY MANAGER
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="GRID GEOMETRY MANAGER">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#layout-within-cell" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
LAYOUT WITHIN CELL
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#handling-resize" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
HANDLING RESIZE
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#padding" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PADDING
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#windows-and-dialogs" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
WINDOWS AND DIALOGS
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="WINDOWS AND DIALOGS">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#creating-toplevel-window" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CREATING TOPLEVEL WINDOW
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#changing-behavior-and-style" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CHANGING BEHAVIOR AND STYLE
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#standard-dialogs" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
STANDARD DIALOGS
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#separator" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SEPARATOR
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="SEPARATOR">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#notebook" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
NOTEBOOK
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="NOTEBOOK">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#fonts-colors-images" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
FONTS, COLORS, IMAGES
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#named-fonts" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
NAMED FONTS
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#colors" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
COLORS
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#images" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
IMAGES
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#images-w-pillow" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
IMAGES W/ Pillow
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<h1 id="tkinter-modulelibrary">Tkinter Module/Library</h1>
<h2 id="standard-imports">Standard Imports</h2>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-2">2</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">tkinter</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="c1"># import Python Tk Binding</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">tkinter</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">ttk</span> <span class="c1"># import Themed Widgets</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="geometry-management">GEOMETRY MANAGEMENT</h2>
<p>Putting widgets on screen<br />
master widget &rarr; top-level window, frame<br />
slave widget &rarr; widgets contained in master widget<br />
geometry managers determine size and oder widget drawing properties</p>
<h2 id="event-handling">EVENT HANDLING</h2>
<p>event loop receives events from the OS<br />
customizable events provide a callback as a widget configuration</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;event&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">function</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># method to capture any event and than execute an arbitrary piece of code (generally a function or lambda)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>VIRTUAL EVENT &rarr; hig level event generated by widget (listed in widget docs)</p>
<h2 id="widgets">WIDGETS</h2>
<p>Widgets are objects and all things on screen. All widgets are children of a window.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="n">widget_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tk_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent_window</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># widget is inserted into widget hierarchy</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="frame-widget">FRAME WIDGET</h2>
<p>Displays a single rectangle, used as container for other widgets</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-3">3</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="n">frame</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">borderwidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="c1"># BORDERWIDTH: sets frame border width (default: 0)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="c1"># width, height MUST be specified if frame is empty, otherwise determined by parent geometry manager</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="frame-padding">FRAME PADDING</h3>
<p>Extra space inside widget (margin).</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-6">6</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="n">frame</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;padding&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="c1"># same padding for every border</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="n">frame</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;padding&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">horizontal</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">vertical</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># set horizontal THEN vertical padding</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="n">frame</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;padding&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">top</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bottom</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># set left, top, right, bottom padding</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="c1"># RELIEF: set border style, [flat (default), raised, sunken, solid, ridge, groove]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="n">frame</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;relief&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">border_style</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="label-widget">LABEL WIDGET</h2>
<p>Display text or image without interactivity.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-5-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;label text&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="defining-updating-label">DEFINING UPDATING LABEL</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-3">3</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="n">var</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">StringVar</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># variable containing text, watches for changes. Use get, set methods to interact with the value</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;textvariable&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">var</span> <span class="c1"># attach var to label (only of type StringVar)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="n">var</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;new text label&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># change label text</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="display-images-2-steps">DISPLAY IMAGES (2 steps)</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-2">2</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="n">image</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PhotoImage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;filename&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># create image object</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;image&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">image</span> <span class="c1"># use image config</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="display-image-and-or-text">DISPLAY IMAGE AND-OR TEXT</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;compound&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">value</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Compound value:</p>
<ul>
<li>none ../img if present, text otherwise)</li>
<li>text (text only)</li>
<li>image (image only)</li>
<li>center (text in center of image)</li>
<li>top (image above text), left, bottom, right</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="layout">LAYOUT</h2>
<p>Specifies edge or corner that the label is attached.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-9-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;anchor&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">compass_direction</span> <span class="c1">#compass_direction: n, ne, e, se, s, sw, w, nw, center</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="multi-line-text-wrap">MULTI-LINE TEXT WRAP</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-10-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-10-2">2</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="c1"># use \n for multi line text</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;wraplength&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">size</span> <span class="c1"># max line length</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="control-text-justification">CONTROL TEXT JUSTIFICATION</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-5">5</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;justify&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="c1">#value: left, center, right</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;relief&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">label_style</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;foreground&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">color</span> <span class="c1"># color passed with name or HEX RGB codes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;background&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">color</span> <span class="c1"># color passed with name or HEX RGB codes</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="font-style-use-with-caution">FONT STYLE (use with caution)</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-2">2</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1"># used outside style option</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;font&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">font</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Fonts:</p>
<ul>
<li>TkDefaultFont -- default for all GUI items</li>
<li>TkTextFont -- used for entry widgets, listboxes, etc</li>
<li>TkFixedFont -- standard fixed-width font</li>
<li>TkMenuFont -- used for menu items</li>
<li>TkHeadingFont -- for column headings in lists and tables</li>
<li>TkCaptionFont -- for window and dialog caption bars</li>
<li>TkSmallCaptionFont -- smaller caption for subwindows or tool dialogs</li>
<li>TkIconFont -- for icon caption</li>
<li>TkTooltipFont -- for tooltips</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="button">BUTTON</h2>
<p>Press to perform some action</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-13-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="n">button</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;button_text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">action_performed</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="text-or-image">TEXT or IMAGE</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="n">button</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;text/textvariable&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">button</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;image&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">button</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;compound&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="button-invocation">BUTTON INVOCATION</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="n">button</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">invoke</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># button activation in the program</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="button-state">BUTTON STATE</h3>
<p>Activate or deactivate the widget.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-16-6">6</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="n">button</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;disabled&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="c1"># set the disabled flag, disabling the button</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="n">button</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;!disabled&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="c1"># clear the disabled flag</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="n">button</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">instate</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;disabled&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="c1"># return true if the button is disabled, else false</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4"></a><span class="n">button</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">instate</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;!disabled&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="c1"># return true if the button is not disabled, else false</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5"></a><span class="n">button</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">instate</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;!disabled&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># execute &#39;cmd&#39; if the button is not disabled</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6"></a><span class="c1"># WIDGET STATE FLAGS: active, disabled, focus, pressed, selected, background, readonly, alternate, invalid</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="checkbutton">CHECKBUTTON</h2>
<p>Button with binary value of some kind (e.g a toggle) and also invokes a command callback</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-17-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-17-2">2</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="n">checkbutton_var</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TkVarType</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="n">check</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Checkbutton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;button text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">action_performed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">variable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">checkbutton_var</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">onvalue</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">value_on</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">offvalue</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">value_off</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="widget-value">WIDGET VALUE</h3>
<p>Variable option holds value of button, updated by widget toggle.<br />
DEFAULT: 1 (while checked), 0 (while unchecked)<br />
<code>onvalue</code>, <code>offvalue</code> are used to personalize checked and unchecked values<br />
if linked variable is empty or different from on-off value the state flag is set to alternate<br />
checkbutton won't set the linked variable (MUST be done in the program)</p>
<h3 id="config-options">CONFIG OPTIONS</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-18-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-18-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-18-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-18-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-18-5">5</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="n">check</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;text/textvariable&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="n">check</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;image&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="n">check</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;compound&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4"></a><span class="n">check</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;flag&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5"></a><span class="n">check</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">instate</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;flag&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="radiobutton">RADIOBUTTON</h2>
<p>Multiple-choice selection (good if options are few).</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-19-13">13</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="c1">#RADIOBUTTON CREATION (usually as a set)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="n">radio_var</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TkVarType</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="n">radio_1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Radiobutton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;button text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">variable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">radio_var</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">button_1_value</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4"></a><span class="n">radio_2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Radiobutton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;button text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">variable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">radio_var</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">button_2_value</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5"></a><span class="n">radio_3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Radiobutton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;button text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">variable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">radio_var</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">button_3_value</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6"></a><span class="c1"># if linked value does not exist flag state is alternate</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-8" name="__codelineno-19-8"></a><span class="c1"># CONFIG OPTIONS</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-9" name="__codelineno-19-9"></a><span class="n">radio</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;text/textvariable&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-10" name="__codelineno-19-10"></a><span class="n">radio</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;image&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-11" name="__codelineno-19-11"></a><span class="n">radio</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;compound&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-12" name="__codelineno-19-12"></a><span class="n">radio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;flag&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-13" name="__codelineno-19-13"></a><span class="n">radio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">instate</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;flag&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="entry">ENTRY</h2>
<p>Single line text field accepting a string.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-20-4">4</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="n">entry_var</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">StringVar</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="n">entry</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Entry</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">textvariable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">entry_var</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">char_num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">show</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">symbol</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="c1"># SHOW: replaces the entry test with symbol, used for password</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4"></a><span class="c1"># entries don&#39;t have an associated label, needs a separate widget</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="change-entry-value">CHANGE ENTRY VALUE</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-21-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-21-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-21-3">3</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="n">entry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># returns entry value</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="n">entry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;end&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># delete between two indices, 0-based</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3"></a><span class="n">entry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;text value&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># insert new text at a given index</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="entry-config-options">ENTRY CONFIG OPTIONS</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-22-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-22-2">2</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="n">radio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;flag&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="n">radio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">instate</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;flag&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="combobox">COMBOBOX</h2>
<p>Drop-down list of available options.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-23-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-23-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-23-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-23-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-23-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-23-6">6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-23-7">7</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="n">combobox_var</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">StringVar</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="n">combo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Combobox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">textvariable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">combobox_var</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="n">combobox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># return combobox current value</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4"></a><span class="n">combobox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># set combobox new value</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-5" name="__codelineno-23-5"></a><span class="n">combobox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">current</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># returns which item in the predefined values list is selected (0-based index of the provided list, -1 if not in the list)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-6" name="__codelineno-23-6"></a><span class="c1">#combobox will generate a bind-able &lt;ComboboxSelected&gt; virtual event whenever the value changes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-7" name="__codelineno-23-7"></a><span class="n">combobox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;&lt;ComboboxSelected&gt;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">function</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="predefined-values">PREDEFINED VALUES</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-24-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-24-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-24-3">3</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="n">combobox</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;values&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value_1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value_2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># provides a list of choose-able values</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="n">combobox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;readonly&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="c1"># restricts choose-able values to those provided with &#39;values&#39; config option</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3"></a><span class="c1"># SUGGESTION: call selection clear method on value change (on ComboboxSelected event) to avoid visual oddities</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="listbox-tk-classic">LISTBOX (Tk Classic)</h2>
<p>Display list of single-line items, allows browsing and multiple selection (part og Tk classic, missing in themed Tk widgets).</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-25-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-25-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-25-3">3</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="n">lstbx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Listbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">listvariable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">item_list</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-2" name="__codelineno-25-2"></a><span class="c1"># listvariable links a variable (MUST BE a list) to the listbox, each element is a item of the listbox</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-3" name="__codelineno-25-3"></a><span class="c1"># manipulation of the list changes the listbox</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="selecting-items">SELECTING ITEMS</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-26-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-26-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-26-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-26-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-26-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-26-6">6</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="n">lstbx</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;selectmode&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mode</span> <span class="c1"># MODE: browse (single selection), extended (multiple selection)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="n">lstbx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">curselection</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># returns list of indices of selected items</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3"></a><span class="c1"># on selection change: generate event &lt;ListboxSelect&gt;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-4" name="__codelineno-26-4"></a><span class="c1"># often each string in the program is associated with some other data item</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-5" name="__codelineno-26-5"></a><span class="c1"># keep a second list, parallel to the list of strings displayed in the listbox, which will hold the associated objects</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-6" name="__codelineno-26-6"></a><span class="c1"># (association by index with .curselection() or with a dict).</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="scrollbar">SCROLLBAR</h2>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-27-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-27-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-27-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-27-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-27-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-27-6">6</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="n">scroll</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Scrollbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">orient</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">direction</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">view</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="c1"># ORIENT: VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="c1"># WIDGET.VIEW: .xview, .yview</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4"></a><span class="c1"># NEEDS ASSOCIATED WIDGET SCROLL CONFIG</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-5" name="__codelineno-27-5"></a><span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">configure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xscrollcommand</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">scroll</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-6" name="__codelineno-27-6"></a><span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">configure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">yscrollcommand</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">scroll</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="sizegrip">SIZEGRIP</h2>
<p>Box in right bottom of widget, allows resize.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-28-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Sizegrip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">column</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">999</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">999</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sticky</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">S</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">E</span><span class="p">))</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="text-tk-classic">TEXT (Tk Classic)</h2>
<p>Area accepting multiple line of text.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-29-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-29-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-29-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-29-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-29-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-29-6">6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-29-7">7</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="n">txt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">wrap</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">flag</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># width is character num, height is row num</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="c1"># FLAG: none (no wrapping), char (wrap at every character), word (wrap at word boundaries)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="n">txt</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;state&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="c1"># FLAG: disabled, normal</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-4" name="__codelineno-29-4"></a><span class="c1"># accepts commands xscrollcommand and yscrollcommandand and yview, xview methods</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-5" name="__codelineno-29-5"></a><span class="n">txt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">see</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line_num</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">char_num</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># ensure that given line is visible (line is 1-based, char is 0-based)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-6" name="__codelineno-29-6"></a><span class="n">txt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># insert string in pos index (index = line.char), &#39;end&#39; is shortcut for end of text</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-7" name="__codelineno-29-7"></a><span class="n">txt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># delete range of text</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="progressbar">PROGRESSBAR</h2>
<p>Feedback about progress of lenghty operation.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-30-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-30-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-30-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-30-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-30-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-30-6">6</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="n">progbar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Progressbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">orient</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">direction</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">maximum</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">float</span> <span class="n">mode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="c1"># DIRECTION: VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-3" name="__codelineno-30-3"></a><span class="c1"># MODE: determinate (relative progress of completion), indeterminate (no estimate of completion)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-4" name="__codelineno-30-4"></a><span class="c1"># LENGTH: dimension in pixel</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-5" name="__codelineno-30-5"></a><span class="c1"># VALUE: sets the progress, updates the bar as it changes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-6" name="__codelineno-30-6"></a><span class="c1"># MAXIMUM: total number of steps (DEFAULT: 100)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="determinate-progress">DETERMINATE PROGRESS</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-31-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-31-1" name="__codelineno-31-1"></a><span class="n">progbar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># increment value of given amount (DEFAULT: 1.0)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="indeterminate-progress">INDETERMINATE PROGRESS</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-32-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-32-2">2</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-32-1" name="__codelineno-32-1"></a><span class="n">progbar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># starts progressbar</span>
<a id="__codelineno-32-2" name="__codelineno-32-2"></a><span class="n">progbar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stop</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1">#stoops progressbar</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="scale">SCALE</h2>
<p>Provide a numeric value through direct manipulation.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-33-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-33-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-33-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-33-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-33-5">5</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-33-1" name="__codelineno-33-1"></a><span class="n">scale</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Scale</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">orient</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">DIR</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">from_</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">to</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-33-2" name="__codelineno-33-2"></a><span class="c1"># COMMAND: calls cmd at every scale change, appends current value to func call</span>
<a id="__codelineno-33-3" name="__codelineno-33-3"></a><span class="n">scale</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="c1"># set or read current value</span>
<a id="__codelineno-33-4" name="__codelineno-33-4"></a><span class="n">scale</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># set current value</span>
<a id="__codelineno-33-5" name="__codelineno-33-5"></a><span class="n">scale</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># get current value</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="spinbox">SPINBOX</h2>
<p>Choose numbers. The spinbox choses item from a list, arrows permit cycling lits items.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-34-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-34-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-34-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-34-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-34-5">5</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-34-1" name="__codelineno-34-1"></a><span class="n">spinval</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">StringVar</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-34-2" name="__codelineno-34-2"></a><span class="n">spin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Spinbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">from_</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">to</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">textvariable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">spinval</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">increment</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">lst</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">wrap</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">boolean</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-34-3" name="__codelineno-34-3"></a><span class="c1"># INCREMENT specifies increment\decrement by arrow button</span>
<a id="__codelineno-34-4" name="__codelineno-34-4"></a><span class="c1"># VALUE: list of items associated with the spinbox</span>
<a id="__codelineno-34-5" name="__codelineno-34-5"></a><span class="c1"># WRAP: boolean value determining if value should wrap around if beyond start-end value</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="grid-geometry-manager">GRID GEOMETRY MANAGER</h2>
<p>Widgets are assigned a "column" number and a "row" number, which indicates their relative position to each other.<br />
Column and row numbers must be integers, with the first column and row starting at 0.<br />
Gaps in column and row numbers are handy to add more widgets in the middle of the user interface at a later time.<br />
The width of each column (or height of each row) depends on the width or height of the widgets contained within the column or row.</p>
<p>Widgets can take up more than a single cell in the grid ("columnspan" and "rowspan" options).</p>
<h3 id="layout-within-cell">LAYOUT WITHIN CELL</h3>
<p>By default, if a cell is larger than the widget contained in it, the widget will be centered within it,<br />
both horizontally and vertically, with the master's background showing in the empty space around it.<br />
The "sticky" option can be used to change this default behavior.<br />
The value of the "sticky" option is a string of 0 or more of the compass directions "nsew", specifying which edges of the cell the widget should be "stuck" to.<br />
Specifying two opposite edges means that the widget will be stretched so it is stuck to both.<br />
Specifying "nsew" it will stick to every side.</p>
<h3 id="handling-resize">HANDLING RESIZE</h3>
<p>Every column and row has a "weight" grid option associated with it, which tells it how much it should grow if there is extra room in the master to fill.<br />
By default, the weight of each column or row is 0, meaning don't expand to fill space.<br />
This is done using the "columnconfigure" and "rowconfigure" methods of grid.<br />
Both "columnconfigure" and "rowconfigure" also take a "minsize" grid option, which specifies a minimum size.</p>
<h3 id="padding">PADDING</h3>
<p>Normally, each column or row will be directly adjacent to the next, so that widgets will be right next to each other.<br />
"padx" puts a bit of extra space to the left and right of the widget, while "pady" adds extra space top and bottom.<br />
A single value for the option puts the same padding on both left and right (or top and bottom),<br />
while a two-value list lets you put different amounts on left and right (or top and bottom).<br />
To add padding around an entire row or column, the "columnconfigure" and "rowconfigure" methods accept a "pad" option. </p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-35-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-35-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-35-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-35-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-35-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-35-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-35-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-35-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-35-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-35-10">10</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-35-1" name="__codelineno-35-1"></a><span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">column</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">columnspan</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rowspan</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sticky</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># sticky: N, S, E, W</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-2" name="__codelineno-35-2"></a><span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">columnconfigure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-3" name="__codelineno-35-3"></a><span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rowconfigure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-4" name="__codelineno-35-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-35-5" name="__codelineno-35-5"></a><span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid_slaves</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># returns map, list of widgets inside a master</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-6" name="__codelineno-35-6"></a><span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid_info</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># returns list of grid options</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-7" name="__codelineno-35-7"></a><span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid_configure</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># change one or more option</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-8" name="__codelineno-35-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-35-9" name="__codelineno-35-9"></a><span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid_forget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slaves</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># takes a list of slaves, removes slaves from grid (forgets slaves options)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-10" name="__codelineno-35-10"></a><span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid_remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slaves</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># takes a list of slaves, removes slaves from grid (remembers slaves options)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="windows-and-dialogs">WINDOWS AND DIALOGS</h2>
<h3 id="creating-toplevel-window">CREATING TOPLEVEL WINDOW</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-36-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-36-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-36-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-36-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-36-5">5</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-36-1" name="__codelineno-36-1"></a><span class="n">tlw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Toplevel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># parent of root window, no need to grid it</span>
<a id="__codelineno-36-2" name="__codelineno-36-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-36-3" name="__codelineno-36-3"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">destroy</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-36-4" name="__codelineno-36-4"></a><span class="c1"># can destroy every widget</span>
<a id="__codelineno-36-5" name="__codelineno-36-5"></a><span class="c1"># destroying parent also destroys it&#39;s children</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="changing-behavior-and-style">CHANGING BEHAVIOR AND STYLE</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-13">13</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-14">14</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-15">15</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-16">16</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-17">17</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-18">18</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-19">19</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-20">20</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-21">21</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-22">22</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-23">23</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-24">24</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-25">25</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-26">26</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-27">27</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-28">28</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-29">29</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-30">30</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-31">31</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-32">32</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-33">33</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-34">34</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-37-35">35</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-37-1" name="__codelineno-37-1"></a><span class="c1"># WINDOW TILE</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-2" name="__codelineno-37-2"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># returns title of the window</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-3" name="__codelineno-37-3"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;new title&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># sets title</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-4" name="__codelineno-37-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-37-5" name="__codelineno-37-5"></a><span class="c1"># SIZE AND LOCATION</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-6" name="__codelineno-37-6"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">geometry</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">geo_specs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-7" name="__codelineno-37-7"></a><span class="sd">&#39;&#39;&#39;full geometry specification: width * height +- x +- y (actual coordinates of screen)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-8" name="__codelineno-37-8"></a><span class="sd">+x --&gt; x pixels from left edge</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-9" name="__codelineno-37-9"></a><span class="sd">-x --&gt; x pixels from right edge</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-10" name="__codelineno-37-10"></a><span class="sd">+y --&gt; y pixels from top edge</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-11" name="__codelineno-37-11"></a><span class="sd">-y --&gt; y pixels from bottom edge&#39;&#39;&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-12" name="__codelineno-37-12"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-37-13" name="__codelineno-37-13"></a><span class="c1"># STACKING ORDER</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-14" name="__codelineno-37-14"></a><span class="c1"># current stacking order (list from lowest to highest) --- NOT CLEANLY EXPOSED THROUGH TK API</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-15" name="__codelineno-37-15"></a><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;wm stackorder &#39;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">window</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-16" name="__codelineno-37-16"></a><span class="c1"># check if window is above or below</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-17" name="__codelineno-37-17"></a><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;wm stackorder &#39;</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">window</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="s1">&#39; isabove &#39;</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">otherwindow</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-18" name="__codelineno-37-18"></a><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;wm stackorder &#39;</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">window</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="s1">&#39; isbelow &#39;</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">otherwindow</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-19" name="__codelineno-37-19"></a><span class="c1"># raise or lower windows</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-20" name="__codelineno-37-20"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lift</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># absolute position</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-21" name="__codelineno-37-21"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lift</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">otherwin</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># relative to other window</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-22" name="__codelineno-37-22"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># absolute position</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-23" name="__codelineno-37-23"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">otherwin</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># relative to other window</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-24" name="__codelineno-37-24"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-37-25" name="__codelineno-37-25"></a><span class="c1"># RESIZE BEHAVIOR</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-26" name="__codelineno-37-26"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">resizable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">boolean</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">boolean</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># sets if resizable in width (1st param) and width (2nd param)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-27" name="__codelineno-37-27"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">minsize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># sets min width and height</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-28" name="__codelineno-37-28"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">maxsize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># sets max width and height</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-29" name="__codelineno-37-29"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-37-30" name="__codelineno-37-30"></a><span class="c1"># ICONIFYING AND WITHDRAWING</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-31" name="__codelineno-37-31"></a><span class="c1"># WINDOW STATE: normal. iconic (iconified window), withdrawn, icon, zoomed</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-32" name="__codelineno-37-32"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># returns current window state</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-33" name="__codelineno-37-33"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;state&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># sets window state</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-34" name="__codelineno-37-34"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">iconify</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># iconifies window</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-35" name="__codelineno-37-35"></a><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">deiconify</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># deiconifies window</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="standard-dialogs">STANDARD DIALOGS</h3>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-13">13</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-14">14</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-15">15</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-16">16</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-17">17</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-18">18</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-19">19</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-20">20</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-21">21</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-22">22</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-23">23</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-24">24</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-38-25">25</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-38-1" name="__codelineno-38-1"></a><span class="c1"># SLEETING FILE AND DIRECTORIES</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-2" name="__codelineno-38-2"></a><span class="c1"># on Windows and Mac invokes underlying OS dialogs directly</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-3" name="__codelineno-38-3"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">tkinter</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">filedialog</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-4" name="__codelineno-38-4"></a><span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">filedialog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">askopenfilename</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-5" name="__codelineno-38-5"></a><span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">filedialog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asksaveasfilename</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-6" name="__codelineno-38-6"></a><span class="n">dirname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">filedialog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">askdirectory</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-7" name="__codelineno-38-7"></a><span class="sd">&#39;&#39;&#39;All of these commands produce modal dialogs, which means that the commands (and hence the program) will not continue running until the user submits the dialog.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-8" name="__codelineno-38-8"></a><span class="sd">The commands return the full pathname of the file or directory the user has chosen, or return an empty string if the user cancels out of the dialog.&#39;&#39;&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-9" name="__codelineno-38-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-38-10" name="__codelineno-38-10"></a><span class="c1"># SELECTING COLORS</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-11" name="__codelineno-38-11"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">tkinter</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">colorchooser</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-12" name="__codelineno-38-12"></a> <span class="c1"># returns HEX color code, INITIALCOLOR: exiting color, presumably to replace</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-13" name="__codelineno-38-13"></a><span class="n">colorchooser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">askcolor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">initialcolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">hex_color_code</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-14" name="__codelineno-38-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-38-15" name="__codelineno-38-15"></a><span class="c1"># ALERT AND COMFIRMATION DIALOGS</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-16" name="__codelineno-38-16"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">tkinter</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">messagebox</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-17" name="__codelineno-38-17"></a><span class="n">messagebox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">showinfo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># simple box with message and OK button</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-18" name="__codelineno-38-18"></a><span class="n">messagebox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">showerror</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-19" name="__codelineno-38-19"></a><span class="n">messagebox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">showwarning</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-20" name="__codelineno-38-20"></a><span class="n">messagebox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">askyesno</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">detail</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;secondary text&#39;</span> <span class="n">icon</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;icon&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-21" name="__codelineno-38-21"></a><span class="n">messagebor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">askokcancel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">icon</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;icon&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">detail</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;secondary text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">button</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># DEFAULT: default button, ok or cancel</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-22" name="__codelineno-38-22"></a><span class="n">messagebox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">akdquestion</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">detail</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;secondary text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">icon</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;icon&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-23" name="__codelineno-38-23"></a><span class="n">messagebox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">askretrycancel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">detail</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;secondary text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">icon</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;icon&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-24" name="__codelineno-38-24"></a><span class="n">messagebox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">askyesnocancel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">detail</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;secondary text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">icon</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;icon&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-25" name="__codelineno-38-25"></a><span class="c1"># ICON: info (default), error, question, warning</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p>POSSIBLE ALERT/CONFIRMATION RETURN VALUES:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>ok (default)</code> -- "ok"</li>
<li><code>okcancel</code> -- "ok" or "cancel"</li>
<li><code>yesno</code> -- "yes" or "no"</li>
<li><code>yesnocancel</code> -- "yes", "no" or "cancel"</li>
<li><code>retrycancel</code> -- "retry" or "cancel"</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="separator">SEPARATOR</h2>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-13">13</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-14">14</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-15">15</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-16">16</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-17">17</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-39-18">18</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-39-1" name="__codelineno-39-1"></a><span class="c1"># horizontal or vertical line between groups of widgets</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-2" name="__codelineno-39-2"></a><span class="n">separator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Separator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">orient</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">direction</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-3" name="__codelineno-39-3"></a><span class="c1"># DIRECTION: horizontal, vertical</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-4" name="__codelineno-39-4"></a><span class="sd">&#39;&#39;&#39;LABEL FRAME&#39;&#39;&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-5" name="__codelineno-39-5"></a><span class="c1"># labelled frame, used to group widgets</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-6" name="__codelineno-39-6"></a><span class="n">lf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LabelFrame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;label&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-7" name="__codelineno-39-7"></a><span class="sd">&#39;&#39;&#39;PANED WINDOWS&#39;&#39;&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-8" name="__codelineno-39-8"></a><span class="c1"># stack multimple resizable widgets</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-9" name="__codelineno-39-9"></a><span class="c1"># panes ara adjustable (drag sash between panes)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-10" name="__codelineno-39-10"></a><span class="n">pw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PanedWindow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">orient</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">direction</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-11" name="__codelineno-39-11"></a><span class="c1"># DIRECTION: horizontal, vertical</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-12" name="__codelineno-39-12"></a><span class="n">lf1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LabelFrame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-13" name="__codelineno-39-13"></a><span class="n">lf2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LabelFrame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-14" name="__codelineno-39-14"></a><span class="n">pw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lf1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># add widget to paned window</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-15" name="__codelineno-39-15"></a><span class="n">pw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lf2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-16" name="__codelineno-39-16"></a><span class="n">pw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">position</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">subwindow</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># insert widget at given position in list of panes (0, ..., n-1)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-17" name="__codelineno-39-17"></a><span class="n">pw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">forget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">subwindow</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># remove widget from pane</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-18" name="__codelineno-39-18"></a><span class="n">pw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">forget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">position</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># remove widget from pane</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="notebook">NOTEBOOK</h3>
<p>Allows switching between multiple pages</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-40-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-40-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-40-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-40-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-40-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-40-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-40-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-40-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-40-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-40-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-40-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-40-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-40-13">13</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-40-14">14</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-40-1" name="__codelineno-40-1"></a><span class="n">nb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Notebook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-2" name="__codelineno-40-2"></a><span class="n">f1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># child of notebook</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-3" name="__codelineno-40-3"></a><span class="n">f2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ttk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-4" name="__codelineno-40-4"></a><span class="n">nb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">subwindow</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;page title&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">flag</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-5" name="__codelineno-40-5"></a><span class="c1"># TEXT: name of page, STATE: normal, dusabled (not selectable), hidden</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-6" name="__codelineno-40-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-40-7" name="__codelineno-40-7"></a><span class="n">nb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">position</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">subwindow</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">option</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-8" name="__codelineno-40-8"></a><span class="n">nb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">forget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">subwindow</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-9" name="__codelineno-40-9"></a><span class="n">nb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">forget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">position</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-10" name="__codelineno-40-10"></a><span class="n">nb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tabs</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># retrieve all tabs</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-11" name="__codelineno-40-11"></a><span class="n">nb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># return current tab</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-12" name="__codelineno-40-12"></a><span class="n">nb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">position</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">subwindow</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># change current tab</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-13" name="__codelineno-40-13"></a><span class="n">nb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tab</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tabid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">option</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># retrieve tab (TABID: position or subwindow) option</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-14" name="__codelineno-40-14"></a><span class="n">nb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tab</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tabid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">option</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># change tab option</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h4 id="fonts-colors-images">FONTS, COLORS, IMAGES</h4>
<h4 id="named-fonts">NAMED FONTS</h4>
<p>Creation of personalized fonts</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-41-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-41-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-41-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-41-4">4</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-41-1" name="__codelineno-41-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">tkinter</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">font</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-2" name="__codelineno-41-2"></a><span class="n">font_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">font</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Font</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">family</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;font_family&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;bold/normal&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">slant</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;roman/italic&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">underline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">boolean</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">overstrike</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">boolean</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-3" name="__codelineno-41-3"></a><span class="c1"># FAMILY: Courier, Times, Helvetica (support guaranteed)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-4" name="__codelineno-41-4"></a><span class="n">font</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">families</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># all avaiable font families</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h4 id="colors">COLORS</h4>
<p>Specified w/ HEX RGB codes.</p>
<h4 id="images">IMAGES</h4>
<p>imgobj = PhotoImage(file='filename')
label['image'] = imgobj</p>
<h4 id="images-w-pillow">IMAGES W/ Pillow</h4>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-42-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-42-2">2</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-42-1" name="__codelineno-42-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">PIL</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">ImageTk</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Image</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-2" name="__codelineno-42-2"></a><span class="n">myimg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ImageTk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PhotoImage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Image</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;filename&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
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