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Creating a parser
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Adding Arguments
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<h1 id="argpasrse-module">Argpasrse Module</h1>
<h2 id="creating-a-parser">Creating a parser</h2>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-3">3</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">argparse</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">description</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">allow_abbrev</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p><strong>Note</strong>: All parameters should be passed as keyword arguments.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>prog</code>: The name of the program (default: <code>sys.argv[0]</code>)</li>
<li><code>usage</code>: The string describing the program usage (default: generated from arguments added to parser)</li>
<li><code>description</code>: Text to display before the argument help (default: none)</li>
<li><code>epilog</code>: Text to display after the argument help (default: none)</li>
<li><code>parents</code>: A list of ArgumentParser objects whose arguments should also be included</li>
<li><code>formatter_class</code>: A class for customizing the help output</li>
<li><code>prefix_chars</code>: The set of characters that prefix optional arguments (default: ‘-‘)</li>
<li><code>fromfile_prefix_chars</code>: The set of characters that prefix files from which additional arguments should be read (default: None)</li>
<li><code>argument_default</code>: The global default value for arguments (default: None)</li>
<li><code>conflict_handler</code>: The strategy for resolving conflicting optionals (usually unnecessary)</li>
<li><code>add_help</code>: Add a -h/--help option to the parser (default: True)</li>
<li><code>allow_abbrev</code>: Allows long options to be abbreviated if the abbreviation is unambiguous. (default: True)</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="adding-arguments"><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/argparse.html#the-add-argument-method">Adding Arguments</a></h2>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-1-1">1</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;name_or_flags&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;...&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p><strong>Note</strong>: All parameters should be passed as keyword arguments.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>name or flags</code>: Either a name or a list of option strings, e.g. <code>foo</code> or <code>-f</code>, <code>--foo</code>.</li>
<li><code>action</code>: The basic type of action to be taken when this argument is encountered at the command line.</li>
<li><code>nargs</code>: The number of command-line arguments that should be consumed.</li>
<li><code>const</code>: A constant value required by some action and nargs selections.</li>
<li><code>default</code>: The value produced if the argument is absent from the command line.</li>
<li><code>type</code>: The type to which the command-line argument should be converted to.</li>
<li><code>choices</code>: A container of the allowable values for the argument.</li>
<li><code>required</code>: Whether or not the command-line option may be omitted (optionals only).</li>
<li><code>help</code>: A brief description of what the argument does.</li>
<li><code>metavar</code>: A name for the argument in usage messages.</li>
<li><code>dest</code>: The name of the attribute to be added to the object returned by <code>parse_args()</code>.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="actions">Actions</h3>
<p><code>store</code>: This just stores the argument's value. This is the default action.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-2-4">4</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo 1&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p><code>store_const</code>: This stores the value specified by the const keyword argument. The <code>store_const</code> action is most commonly used with optional arguments that specify some sort of flag.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-3-4">4</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;store_const&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">const</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p><code>store_true</code> and <code>store_false</code>: These are special cases of <code>store_const</code> used for storing the values True and False respectively. In addition, they create default values of False and True respectively.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-4-6">6</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;store_true&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--bar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;store_false&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--baz&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;store_false&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo --bar&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">baz</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p><code>append</code>: This stores a list, and appends each argument value to the list. This is useful to allow an option to be specified multiple times. Example usage:</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-5-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-5-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-5-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-5-4">4</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;append&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo 1 --foo 2&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p><code>append_const</code>: This stores a list, and appends the value specified by the const keyword argument to the list. (Note that the const keyword argument defaults to None.) The <code>append_const</code> action is typically useful when multiple arguments need to store constants to the same list. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-6-5">5</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--str&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;types&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;append_const&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">const</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--int&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;types&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;append_const&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">const</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--str --int&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">types</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="nc">str</span><span class="s1">&#39;&gt;, &lt;class &#39;</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="s1">&#39;&gt;])</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p><code>count</code>: This counts the number of times a keyword argument occurs. For example, this is useful for increasing verbosity levels:
<strong>Note</strong>: the default will be None unless explicitly set to 0.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-7-4">4</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;-v&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;count&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;-vvv&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verbose</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p><code>help</code>: This prints a complete help message for all the options in the current parser and then exits. By default a help action is automatically added to the parser.</p>
<p><code>version</code>: This expects a version= keyword argument in the add_argument() call, and prints version information and exits when invoked:</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-8-5">5</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">argparse</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prog</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;PROG&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--version&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;version&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">%(prog)s</span><span class="s1"> 2.0&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;--version&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="n">PROG</span> <span class="mf">2.0</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p><code>extend</code>: This stores a list, and extends each argument value to the list. Example usage:</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-9-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-9-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-9-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-9-4">4</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;--foo&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;extend&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;+&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s2">&quot;--foo&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;f1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;--foo&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;f2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;f3&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;f4&quot;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;f1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;f2&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;f3&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;f4&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h3 id="nargs">Nargs</h3>
<p>ArgumentParser objects usually associate a single command-line argument with a single action to be taken.
The <code>nargs</code> keyword argument associates a different number of command-line arguments with a single action.</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong>: If the nargs keyword argument is not provided, the number of arguments consumed is determined by the action.</p>
<p><code>N</code> (an integer): N arguments from the command line will be gathered together into a list.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-10-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-10-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-10-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-10-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-10-5">5</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;bar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;c --foo a b&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5"></a><span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;c&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;b&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p><strong>Note</strong>: <code>nargs=1</code> produces a list of one item. This is different from the default, in which the item is produced by itself.</p>
<p><code>?</code>: One argument will be consumed from the command line if possible, and produced as a single item. If no command-line argument is present, the value from default will be produced.</p>
<p>For optional arguments, there is an additional case: the option string is present but not followed by a command-line argument. In this case the value from const will be produced.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-6">6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-7">7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-8">8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-11-9">9</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;?&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">const</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;c&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;d&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;bar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;?&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;d&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;XX&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;--foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;YY&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;XX&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;YY&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;XX&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;--foo&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;XX&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;c&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">([])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;d&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;d&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p><code>*</code>: All command-line arguments present are gathered into a list. Note that it generally doesn't make much sense to have more than one positional argument with <code>nargs='*'</code>, but multiple optional arguments with <code>nargs='*'</code> is possible.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-12-6">6</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;*&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--bar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;*&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;baz&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;*&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;a b --foo x y --bar 1 2&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">baz</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;b&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;x&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;y&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p><code>+</code>: All command-line args present are gathered into a list. Additionally, an error message will be generated if there wasn't at least one command-line argument present.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-13-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-13-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-13-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-13-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-13-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-13-6">6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-13-7">7</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prog</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;PROG&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;+&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;b&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4"></a><span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;b&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">([])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6"></a><span class="n">usage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">PROG</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">foo</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">foo</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7"></a><span class="n">PROG</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">error</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">following</span> <span class="n">arguments</span> <span class="n">are</span> <span class="n">required</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">foo</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<p><code>argparse.REMAINDER</code>: All the remaining command-line arguments are gathered into a list. This is commonly useful for command line utilities that dispatch to other command line utilities.</p>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-1">1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-2">2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-3">3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-4">4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-5">5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-14-6">6</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prog</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;PROG&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;command&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;args&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">REMAINDER</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5"></a><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo B cmd --arg1 XX ZZ&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">()))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6"></a><span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;--arg1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;XX&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ZZ&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;cmd&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;B&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
<h2 id="parsing-arguments">Parsing Arguments</h2>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-5"> 5</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-6"> 6</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-7"> 7</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-8"> 8</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-9"> 9</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-10">10</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-11">11</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-12">12</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-13">13</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-14">14</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-15">15</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-15-16">16</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="c1"># Convert argument strings to objects and assign them as attributes of the namespace. Return the populated namespace.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">namespace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4"></a><span class="c1"># assign attributes to an already existing object, rather than a new Namespace object</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">C</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6"></a> <span class="k">pass</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-7" name="__codelineno-15-7"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-15-8" name="__codelineno-15-8"></a><span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-9" name="__codelineno-15-9"></a><span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-10" name="__codelineno-15-10"></a><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-11" name="__codelineno-15-11"></a><span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;BAR&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">namespace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-12" name="__codelineno-15-12"></a><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">foo</span> <span class="c1"># BAR</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-13" name="__codelineno-15-13"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-15-14" name="__codelineno-15-14"></a><span class="c1"># return a dict instead of a Namespace</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-15" name="__codelineno-15-15"></a><span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;--foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;BAR&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-16" name="__codelineno-15-16"></a><span class="nb">vars</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># {&#39;foo&#39;: &#39;BAR&#39;}</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
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