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<h1 id="itertools-module">Itertools Module</h1>
<div class="highlight"><table class="highlighttable"><tr><th colspan="2" class="filename"><span class="filename">Python</span></th></tr><tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre><span></span><span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-1"> 1</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-2"> 2</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-3"> 3</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-4"> 4</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-5"> 5</a></span>
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<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-33">33</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-34">34</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-35">35</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-36">36</a></span>
<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-37">37</a></span>
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<span class="normal"><a href="#__codelineno-0-68">68</a></span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="c1"># accumulate ([1,2,3,4,5]) -&gt; 1, 3 (1 + 2), 6 (1 + 2 + 3), 10 (1 + 2 + 3 + 6), 15 (1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="c1"># accumulate (iter, func (,)) -&gt; iter [0], func (iter [0] + iter [1]) + func (prev + iter [2]), ...</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="n">accumulate</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="c1"># iterator returns elements from the first iterable,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="c1"># then proceeds to the next until the end of the iterables</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="c1"># does not work if there is only one iterable</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="n">chain</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="c1"># concatenates elements of the single iterable even if it contains sequences</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11"></a><span class="n">chain</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">from_iterable</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13"></a><span class="c1"># returns sequences of length r starting from the iterable</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14"></a><span class="c1"># items treated as unique based on their value</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15"></a><span class="n">combinations</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17"></a><span class="c1"># # returns sequences of length r starting from the iterable allowing the repetition of the elements</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18"></a><span class="n">combinations_with_replacement</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20"></a><span class="c1"># iterator filters date elements returning only those that have</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21"></a><span class="c1"># a corresponding element in selectors that is true</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22"></a><span class="n">compress</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">selectors</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-24" name="__codelineno-0-24"></a><span class="n">count</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">step</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-26" name="__codelineno-0-26"></a><span class="c1"># iterator returning values in infinite sequence</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-27" name="__codelineno-0-27"></a><span class="n">cycle</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-28" name="__codelineno-0-28"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-29" name="__codelineno-0-29"></a><span class="c1"># iterator discards elements of the iterable as long as the predicate is true</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-30" name="__codelineno-0-30"></a><span class="n">dropwhile</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">predicate</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-31" name="__codelineno-0-31"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-32" name="__codelineno-0-32"></a><span class="c1"># iterator returning values if predicate is false</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-33" name="__codelineno-0-33"></a><span class="n">filterfalse</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">predicate</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-34" name="__codelineno-0-34"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-35" name="__codelineno-0-35"></a><span class="c1"># iterator returns tuple (key, group)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-36" name="__codelineno-0-36"></a><span class="c1"># key is the grouping criterion</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-37" name="__codelineno-0-37"></a><span class="c1"># group is a generator returning group members</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-38" name="__codelineno-0-38"></a><span class="n">groupby</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-39" name="__codelineno-0-39"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-40" name="__codelineno-0-40"></a><span class="c1"># iterator returns slices of the iterable</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-41" name="__codelineno-0-41"></a><span class="n">isslice</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stop</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-42" name="__codelineno-0-42"></a><span class="n">isslice</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">start</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">step</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-43" name="__codelineno-0-43"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-44" name="__codelineno-0-44"></a><span class="c1"># returns all permutations of length r of the iterable</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-45" name="__codelineno-0-45"></a><span class="n">permutations</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-46" name="__codelineno-0-46"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-47" name="__codelineno-0-47"></a><span class="c1"># Cartesian product of iterables</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-48" name="__codelineno-0-48"></a><span class="c1"># loops iterables in order of input</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-49" name="__codelineno-0-49"></a><span class="c1"># [product (&#39;ABCD&#39;, &#39;xy&#39;) -&gt; Ax Ay Bx By Cx Cy Dx Dy]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-50" name="__codelineno-0-50"></a><span class="c1"># [product (&#39;ABCD&#39;, repeat = 2) -&gt; AA AB AC AD BA BB BC BD CA CB CC CD DA DB DC DD]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-51" name="__codelineno-0-51"></a><span class="n">product</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">repetitions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-52" name="__codelineno-0-52"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-53" name="__codelineno-0-53"></a><span class="c1"># returns an object infinite times if repetition is not specified</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-54" name="__codelineno-0-54"></a><span class="n">repeat</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">repetitions</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-55" name="__codelineno-0-55"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-56" name="__codelineno-0-56"></a><span class="c1"># iterator compute func (iterable)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-57" name="__codelineno-0-57"></a><span class="c1"># used if iterable is pre-zipped sequence (seq of tuples grouping elements)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-58" name="__codelineno-0-58"></a><span class="n">starmap</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-59" name="__codelineno-0-59"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-60" name="__codelineno-0-60"></a><span class="c1"># iterator returning values from iterable as long as predicate is true</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-61" name="__codelineno-0-61"></a><span class="n">takewhile</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">predicate</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-62" name="__codelineno-0-62"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-63" name="__codelineno-0-63"></a><span class="c1"># returns n independent iterators from the single iterable</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-64" name="__codelineno-0-64"></a><span class="n">tee</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-65" name="__codelineno-0-65"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-66" name="__codelineno-0-66"></a><span class="c1"># produces an iterator that aggregates elements from each iterable</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-67" name="__codelineno-0-67"></a><span class="c1"># if the iterables have different lengths the missing values are filled according to fillervalue</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-68" name="__codelineno-0-68"></a><span class="n">zip_longest</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fillvalue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>
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