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146 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
146 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
# Templates with Plates
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## Template
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To separate HTML code and PHP code it's possible to use **templates** with markers for variable substitution.
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Variables are created in the PHP code and are passed to the template in the **rendering** phase.
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The server transmits only the `index.php` file to the user. The php file renders the templates as needed.
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```html
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<html>
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<head>
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<title><?= $this->e($title)?></title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<?= $this->section('content')?>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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## [Plates](https://platesphp.com/)
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Plates is a template engine for PHP. A template engine permits to separate the PHP code (business logic) from the HTML pages.
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Installation through composer: `composer require league/plates`.
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```php
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# index.php
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require "vendor/autoload.php";
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use League\Plates\Engine;
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$templates = new Engine("path\\to\\templates");
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echo $templates->render("template_name", [
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"key_1" => "value_1",
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"key_2" => "value_2"
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]);
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```
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```php
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# template.php
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<html>
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<head>
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<title><?= $key_1?></title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Hello <?= $key_2 ?></h1>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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Variables in the template are created through an associative array `key => value`. The key (`"key"`) becomes a variable (`$key`) in the template.
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### Layout
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It's possible to create a layout (a model) for a group of pages to make that identical save for the contents.
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In a layout it's possible to create a section called **content** that identifies content that can be specified at runtime.
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> **Note**: Since only the template has the data passed eventual loops have to be done there.
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```php
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# index.php
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require 'vendor/autoload.php';
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use League\Plates\Engine;
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$template = new Engine('/path/to/templates');
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echo $template->render('template_name', [ "marker" => value, ... ]);
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```
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```php
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# template.php
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# set the layout used for this template
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<?php $this->layout("layout_name", ["marker" => value, ...]) ?> # pass values to the layout
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# section contents
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<p> <?= $this->e($marker) ?> </p>
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```
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```php
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# layout.php
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<html>
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<head>
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<title><?= $marker ?></title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<?= $this->section('content')?> # insert the section
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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### Escape
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It's necessary to verify that the output is in the necessary format.
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Plates offers `$this->escape()` or `$this->e()` to validate the output.
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In general the output validation allows to prevent [Cross-Site Scripting][owasp-xss] (XSS).
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[owasp-xss]: https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/xss/
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### Folders
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```php
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# index.php
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$templates->addFolder("alias", "path/to/template/folder"); # add a template folder
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echo $templates->render("folder::template"); # use a template in a specific folder
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```
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### Insert
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It's possible to inject templates in a layout or template. It is done by using the `insert()` function.
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```php
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# layout.php
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<html>
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<head>
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<title><?=$this->e($title)?></title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<?php $this->insert('template::header') ?> # insert template
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<?= $this->section('content')?> # page contents
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<?php $this->insert('template::footer') ?> # insert template
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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### Sections
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It's possible to insert page contest from another template with the `section()` function.
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The content to be inserted must be surrounded with by the `start()` and `stop()` functions.
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```php
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# template.php
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<?php $this->start("section_name") ?> # start section
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# section contents (HTML)
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<?php $this->stop() ?> # stop section
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# append to section is existing, create if not
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<?php $this->push("section_name") ?>
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# section contents (HTML)
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<?php $this->end() ?>
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```
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